Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. 75. This feature is not available for this document. 9. 2007 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey, Volume 2, Seat Belt Report. WebSingle-vehicle crashes represent the largest percentage of both unbelted KA and KABCO crashes; however, single-vehicle is over-represented in unbelted KA crashes (51.0 Are there other triggering conditions for the start of a trip NHTSA should consider, and what would be the justification for choosing them? 2. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Occupant Crash Protection For example, among drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning, approximately 80 percent were satisfied with the system and 65 percent reported that the rear seat belt warning made it easier to encourage rear seat passengers to buckle up. With occupant detection, a warning system can provide more informative warnings. Removable seats are mainly found in the second row of minivans. 43. The Effectiveness of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems Draft Report: Observational Field Data Collection Methodology and Findings. 5. Under good weather and clear visibility, what minimum following distance should you keep between your car and the car in front of you? 54, 57. 70. With a positive-only system, the driver would need to determine how many rear seat occupants there are and then determine if that number equals the number of seat belts that are reported by the warning system as buckled. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and MPVs with a GVWR of 4,536 kg (10,000 lb) or less. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, pp. In accordance with that grant and continuing with the proceeding that MAP-21 required to be initiated, the agency is publishing this Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Minimum duration. NHTSA seeks comment on, among other things, potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. 6). These amendments were codified at 49 U.S.C. ][99] g. (NH4)2CO3\left(\mathrm{NH}_4\right)_2 \mathrm{CO}_3(NH4)2CO3 Passenger vehicles with more than one person. on DOT HS 811 206. DOT HS-810-844. These systems might be more effective than a positive-only system because they would directly inform the driver whether any rear seat occupants were unbuckled, without the driver having to compare the number or location of occupants and fastened belts. DOT HS 812 369. DOT HS 812 069. The ___ signals the driver to stop behind the limit or crosswalk line before the intersection, Turn lanes are specifically designated lanes in the roadway for turning either right or left. By definition, a motor vehicle crash must involve at least one motor vehicle in transport. Regulatory History of Automatic Crash Protection in FMVSS 208. 1. Id. In addition, because of respondent bias, the large number of part time users, and the tendency for survey respondents to over-report belt use, MVOSS use rates have typically been about 10 percentage points higher than those from NOPUS. This prototype edition of the Research by NHTSA and others suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visible warnings are potentially more effective than visible warnings alone. In addition, in order to ensure that the suppression feature does not inappropriately suppress the air bag for small-statured adults, FMVSS No. :Z_. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, Version 8.0.2, November 2017. This includes, among other things, a visual warning indicating any rear seating position in which a seat belt is unfastened. 2 Of the children who were killed in a crash, 38% were not buckled up. The ECE regulations provide that the rear seat belt warning requirements will not apply to removable rear seats or to seats in a row in which there is a suspension seat until September 2022. NHTSA's consumer research shows that part-time non-users make up the majority of non-users (83%), while hard-core non-users make up a smaller proportion of non-users (17%). NHTSA seeks comment on potential consumer acceptance concerns with a proposed seat belt warning system. 98. 2. Considering the history in this area as described above, the agency is particularly concerned with striking the right balance. 26. Fifteen-passenger vans are classified as buses because they are designed for carrying more than ten persons. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2015). [53] 19. In order to perform compliance testing on a rear seat belt warning system that uses occupant detection, should NHTSA use one or more of these dummies, or specify occupancy conditions based on one of these dummies? Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141, 31503 (2012). Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. DOT HS 812 594). 35. 208 minimum requirements. The sole basis for the 8-second maximum duration in FMVSS No. These measurements come from FMVSS No. NHTSA also seeks comment on whether it should require or specify as a compliance option a rear seat belt warning that differs from the type of audio-visual warning that is currently required for the driver's seat belt. The NHTSA estimates that ___% of the 11,510 drivers with a BAC of .01 or higher who were involved in fatal crashes had BAC levels at or above .08. Rear seats are used in ways that complicate occupant detection. [89] 22. xref include documents scheduled for later issues, at the request This is a national telephone survey periodically conducted by NHTSA. For example, for the static suppression and low-risk deployment compliance options, FMVSS No. Learn more here. Manufacturers would Start Printed Page 51089also have to determine whether driver and rear passenger seat belt warning visual signals would be treated the same. D.) all of the above. Because of the low prevalence and limited history with rear seat belt warnings, NHTSA has limited direct data on the effectiveness of rear seat belt warnings. Advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPRM). Indicate which specific rule(s) led to your conclusion. documents in the last year, 83 In response, the agency conducted a multi-phase research study (described below). It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. Should it also depend on the recipient of the warning (for example, driver versus rear passenger)? NHTSA also seeks comment on whether and to what extent any proposed requirements might (or should) be based upon or differ from other regulatory requirements (such as ECE requirements) or consumer information programs (such as Euro NCAP). WebBased on an analysis of seat belt wearing rates among crash involved and non-crash involved drivers in Norway it is estimated that unbelted drivers have 8.3 times the fatal crash risk and 5.2 times the serious injury crash risk of belted drivers. 0000047389 00000 n 90. NHTSA also seeks comment on the potential for false warnings, and how this might be addressed. For example, to what extent does the sound of the latch plate clicking into the buckle when a belt is fastened currently serve as an indication of seat belt use? All of those manufacturers' rear seat belt warning systems use a display that is visible to the driver and indicates which rear seat belts are in use, as well as employing a change-of-status reminder that has visual and audible components. The greatest difference in health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, would be in an environment 11. 208 requirements for the driver's seat warning. How would the costs and benefits of such a warning compare to more traditional types of warnings? [35] If so, what should the criteria be? The first option requires that if the key is in the on or start position and the seat belt is not in use, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for at least 60 seconds, and an audible warning that lasts 4 to 8 seconds. NHTSA also seeks comment on warning systems that utilize occupant detection. documents in the last year, 125 In order to earn bonus points, Euro NCAP requires the system to activate the change of status warning immediately at vehicle speeds over 25 km/h. The current driver's belt warning requirements specify that a belt is not in use when, at the option of the manufacturer, either the seat belt latch mechanism is not fastened or the belt is not extended at least 10.16 centimeters (cm) (4 inches (in)) from its stowed position. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. An occupant detection system in the rear seat may have difficulty detecting a child restraint system. 7. Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. 0000019826 00000 n documents in the last year, 887 See, e.g., DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 54. The report also noted that there are a wide range of initiatives . and services, go to Some research may suggest that having the warning visible to the unbelted occupant may increase effectiveness. 4092 81 Seat belt warning systems encourage seat belt use by reminding unbuckled occupants to fasten their belts and/or by informing the driver that an occupant is unbelted, so that the driver can request the unbelted occupant to fasten their seat belt. Speeding was a contributing factor in 27% of all fatal crashes in 2016, and 10,111 lives were lost in speeding-related crashes. Other international NCAP programs, including Euro NCAP, Japan's New Car Assessment Program (J-NCAP), China NCAP (C-NCAP), Latin NCAP, New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asia (ASEAN NCAP), Korean NCAP (KNCAP), and Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP), award bonus points to vehicles that are equipped with seat belt warning systems for passenger seating positions. NHTSA is considering proposing any of a variety of minimum requirements for a rear seat belt warning system. The inside of a parked car can quickly reach unsafe temperatures, even on a mild day. Collisions on city streets are largely at intersections because of lane changing, running or jumping lights. Your child should sit in a rear-facing car seat for as long as possible. Both Volvo and Jaguar Land Rover vehicles sold in the United States and equipped with rear seat belt warnings provide a change-of-status warning. 30124). documents in the last year, 1471 58. The Public Inspection page It has also been pointed out that the research on seat belt use and acceptability among drivers may not be representative of situations where multiple passengers are present and that further evaluation is warranted on the annoyance and acceptance of seat belt warnings. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns, and suggest alternatives. To ensure that your comments are correctly filed in the Docket, please include the Docket Number found in the heading of this document in your comments. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. documents in the last year, 37 European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.2. Brian L. Cox, Chicago Tribune, 7 June 2022 See More 17. The frontal lobe of the brain is the first part of the brain that is affected by alcohol. Unbelted rear seat passengers pose a serious threat to the driver and other vehicle occupants, as well as themselves. Who should the signal warnthe driver, the rear passenger(s), or both? Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 87. 2017. Public Law 109-59, 10306 (2005). e. KCl\mathrm{KCl}KCl There are, of course, a variety of other ways the warning system might be intentionally or inadvertently circumvented. ECE Regulation No. Transportation Research Board Study, supra, p. 40. For example, a warning system could be defeated if: There are also scenarios involving inadvertent circumvention that could impact the effectiveness and accuracy of a rear belt warning system. Front seat belt use in 2017 reached 89.7 percent. 26. 208 for compliance testing of low-risk deployment and suppression air bag systems? They prevent occupants from being ejected from the vehicle; provide ride-down by gradually decelerating the occupant as the vehicle deforms and absorbs energy; and reduce the occurrence of occupant contact with harmful interior surfaces and other occupants. to the courts under 44 U.S.C. 0000057729 00000 n You may Start Printed Page 51077send mail to these officials at: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590. Get an answer. In Florida, immersion in water or fire as a result of a collision happens in less than ________ of all collisions annually. Below we ask specific questions about potential specifications for visual and audible warnings, and, more generally, which of these NHTSA should propose for the rear seat belt warning system minimum requirements. In order to perform compliance testing on a rear seat belt warning system that uses occupant detection, should NHTSA use one or more of these dummies, or specify occupancy conditions based on one of these dummies? For example, NHTSA could specify use of the 6-year-old test dummy. Prior to the enactment of MAP-21, the agency could not require the audible warning to operate for more than 8 seconds. The agency received 26 comments. 16 and is also required to obtain bonus points for a seat belt reminder system by Euro NCAP.[61]. 0000015312 00000 n Fatality Reduction by Seat Belts in the Center Rear Seat and Comparison of Occupants' Relative Fatality Risk at Various Seating Positions. Their assessment protocol dictates the requirements for the activation and duration of the warning signals for front and rear seats including a change of status warning. 0000009615 00000 n 39. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [101] The relevant research reports have also been placed in the docket for this rulemaking. documents in the last year, 24 Would that sound, perhaps augmented, serve as an effective notice to the driver that a rear-seat occupant had buckled the belt, or the lack of such sound indicate that a rear-seat occupant had not buckled the belt? A seat belt warning can function either by alerting the driver that a rear seat belt is unbuckled, leaving it to the driver to request the rear passenger to buckle up; it can warn the rear passenger(s) directly that their belt is unbuckled; or it can warn both the driver and rear passenger(s). The responsibility for promulgation of Federal motor vehicle safety standards is delegated to NHTSA.[56]. Unbelted occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard, they deform and crush. This study utilized a telephone survey of the drivers of vehicles with and without rear seat belt warning systems. rendition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov does not 0000108954 00000 n 0000042679 00000 n 0 ms: the first impact During crash tests, the time is measured from the initial impact. 2002. 10. 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and multipurpose passenger vehicles (MPVs) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less. 72. However, such systems might require occupant detection sensors in order to minimize or eliminate false warnings. No visual signal is required if all the rear occupants are belted. 04/28/2023, 858 As part of the agency's seat belt interlock research program, we recently performed research on the development of a seat belt misuse detection system,[75] DOT HS 812 593). 0000046473 00000 n Register, and does not replace the official print version or the official Occupant detection technology. [16] The warning must be noticeable enough to prompt occupants to buckle their seat belts, but not so intrusive that the public does not accept the warning system, that an occupant will circumvent or disable it, or that the warning system could lead to driver distraction that could increase the risk of a crash.[98]. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. Seat belt latch and webbing spool-out sensors are already used by many manufacturers to comply with the existing driver seat belt requirements. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3. To read the comments on the internet, go to http://www.regulations.gov. Alternative warning systems. NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System also investigated the acceptability of rear seat belt warning systems. We especially seek comment on whether a rear seat belt warning should be required for high-occupancy vehicles such as 15-passenger vans, large sport utility vehicles, school buses, and large trucks and vans with a GVWR less than or equal to 4,536 kg (10,000 lb).[86]. See Docket Nos. See Figure 1. For rear seats, only the first level warning is required, which consists of a visual warning that must be active for at least 60 seconds. 208 does not require this. The synergistic affect is _________ with each combination, each time and each person. curve of a highway. WebUsed Car Warranty. Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. approaching or upon the crest of a grade documents in the last year, 931 documents in the last year, 295 ECE Regulation No. 0000028314 00000 n [13] 12. Active protection refers to features, such as manual seat belts, that require action by the occupant, while passive protection, sometimes called automatic protection, refers to safety features that do not require any action by the occupant other than sitting in a designated seating position. In some instances, a visual signal might be displayed as a telltale on the instrument panel or on the vehicle's information display screen. i?J?C$If 'QHv3Sl1. It also includes an audiovisual change-in-status warning. Would the warning be distinguishable from other alerts that are provided to the driver? 30. 4092 0 obj <> endobj A rear seat belt warning system might require an electrical connection between the seat and the vehicle to relay the information gathered by a buckle or webbing spool-out sensor to the rest of the warning system. [81] The current driver's seat belt visual warning is required to last at least 60 seconds under the second compliance option. Is this an appropriate threshold? In 2005, Congress passed legislationthe Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU)[37] These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 89. 16, Revision 9 8.4.3.3 and 8.4.4.5; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.1.5. 0000000016 00000 n 82. 208, S29.1(e), and correspond to the height and weight requirements for a child who is used as an alternative for the 6-year-old child test dummy for compliance testing of advanced air bag systems utilizing static suppression. This considers respondents who reported that they Never or Rarely used a seat belt to be hard-core nonusers. With respect to comments that identify an innovative seat belt warning system differing from the current driver's seat belt warning and current production front and rear passenger seat belt warnings, NHTSA seeks comment on such possibilities, and the effectiveness of any such alternative. 97. A problem with false reminders is that they can lead occupants to disregard or attempt to circumvent the system, defeating the purpose of such systems. 85. NHTSA-2010-0061). How can I read the comments submitted by other people? A rear-belt warning system may therefore present potential wiring complexities, particularly in vehicles with removable, folding, rotating, or stowable seats. B.) informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal However, when optimization was complete, the 30 and +30 and 25 mph 40% offset conditions were checked to ensure that all of the injury measures were awards points for front and rear seat belt reminder systems (SBRSs) as part of their Safety Assist score. [42] The team's report, issued in 2003, observed that [d]espite the significant increases over the past twenty years, safety belt use in the United States falls short of that in some industrialized nations.[46] Confidential Business Information: If you wish to submit any information under a claim of confidentiality, you should submit three copies of your complete submission, including the information you claim to be confidential business information, to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the address given under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. See 76 FR 53102 (Aug. 25, 2011) (denial of a petition for rulemaking to mandate the installation of three-point seat belts for all seating positions on all school buses). Approximately 37,000+ people die annually on the roads of the United States. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. Operation of vehicle without approved material in windows. 86. Although it is of no doubt that the use of seatbelt reduces the incidence and severity of MVC-induced TLJ injury, how it is protective for front-seat occupants of an automobile after rollover crashes is unclear. Road rage is the term used to refer to physical assaults that result from a traffic dispute. Accordingly, we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material. 0000028439 00000 n Some of these strategies are non-regulatory; some are regulatory. This information is not part of the official Federal Register document. The study found, among other things, that about one quarter of drivers (24%) of vehicles equipped with a rear seat belt warning system noticed an increase in rear seat belt use. Harmonization with regulatory requirements or new car assessment programs in other markets. 208 in 1974 to require that only the driver seating position be equipped with a seat belt warning system providing a visual and audible warning, with the audible warning not lasting longer than eight seconds. documents in the last year, 19 Toyota introduced rear seat belt warning systems in several MY 2017 vehicles and increased the number of equipped vehicles in MY 2018. 0000003571 00000 n Effectiveness and Acceptance of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems: Characteristics of Optimal Reminder Systems, Final Report. on 100% of the ports are level 2 Use the PDF linked in the document sidebar for the official electronic format. 14. 208 is intended to reduce the likelihood of occupant deaths and the likelihood and severity of occupant injuries in crashes. 0000188740 00000 n WebUnbelted vehicle occupants reach 0 mph by striking the windshield, steering column and dashboard. Identify the rulemaking by docket number and other identifying information (subject heading. The RFC discussed the agency's research and findings regarding rear seat belt warnings and solicited comments. 71. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.3.1; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.1.1. that agencies use to create their documents. [79] If it mandates an audible warning, should NHTSA specify any additional audible warning characteristics (for example, a minimum/maximum sound level)? NHTSA has, over time, used a variety of strategies to increase seat belt use, including sponsoring national media campaigns, providing assistance to states enacting seat belt use laws and high-visibility enforcement campaigns, and facilitating or requiring vehicle-based strategies. Although seat belt use has steadily increased over the past few decades, usage rates for rear belts have consistently been below those for the front seats. To what extent would a deactivation feature reduce the effectiveness of the warning? Good drivers have a quiet level of efficiency in their actions. model year vehicles. 20. According to the results of NHTSA's most recent self-reporting survey of seat belt use, the Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS), while more than four-fifths of survey respondents said they always wore their seat belts when driving (88%) or riding as a passenger in the front seat (86%), only 58 percent said they always wore their seat belts when riding as a passenger in the rear seat. NHTSA initiated a rulemaking proceeding in 2013, and as it continues with this proceeding NHTSA is seeking public comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system. Please note that pursuant to the Data Quality Act, in order for substantive data to be relied on and used by NHTSA, it must meet the information quality standards set forth in the OMB and DOT Data Quality Act guidelines. Seat belt use warning systems may also be referred to in this document as seat belt warning systems or seat belt reminder systems. [60] Should NHTSA consider the same seat occupancy criteria specified in FMVSS No. DOT HS 812 594). 0000179714 00000 n 208, see Stephen R. Kratzke. headings within the legal text of Federal Register documents. We seek comment on whether the rear warning system should be required to include audible or visual warning features exceeding those currently required for the driver's seat belt warning (including the costs and benefits) and if so, what those features should be. With respect to school buses, we acknowledge that a rear seat belt warning requirement might place additional cost burdens on school systems, given that such cost can lead to reductions in school bus service, resulting in greater risk to students. On the basis of the general solubility rules given in Table 7.1, predict which of the following substances are likely to be appreciably soluble in water. Federal Register. Some of the reasons that your driving privilege could be revoked are _______. See, e.g., DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, pp. 22. For systems without occupant Start Printed Page 51080detection, the visual signal must clearly indicate to the driver which seat belts are in use and not in use. 0000011021 00000 n Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. 4. In order for a rear seat belt warning to have an impact on seat belt use, it must balance effectiveness with acceptability. (49 CFR part 512). that have the potential to raise and/or sustain safety belt use rates. The report went on to identify several such initiatives, which it classified as either behavioral or vehicle-based. First, what type of occupants should the criteria be based on; e.g., should they be based on a mid-size male, small-size female, or a child? [50] The ECE regulation uses similar thresholds, but lets the manufacturer choose either a speed, distance traveled, or a duration threshold. In 2002, the agency chartered an integrated project team to recomm8end Start Printed Page 51082strategies for increasing seat belt use. For front seat belts, the assessment protocol requires both a visual and an audible warning signal. How many moles of magnesium were used in this reaction? 0000047766 00000 n In response, NHTSA amended FMVSS No. For example, would a less sophisticated warning, such as a specialized system of mirrors, be sufficient to inform the driver about the status of the rear seat belts? WebFor the optimization with the unbelted driver, only the 0 condition was used as a constraint in the optimization. The audible signal for the front occupants has two stages, an initial and final audible signal, which have different onset criteria. were Please note that even after the comment closing date, we will continue to file relevant information in the docket as it becomes available. These types of seats might present an issue for a rear seat belt warning system because the electrical connection might not be reestablished for these seats when the seat is reinstalled.
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