[3], Initially depicted as a goddess in Sumerian times, when it was called Lamma, it was later depicted from Assyrian times as a hybrid of a human, bird, and either a bull or lionspecifically having a human head, the body of a bull or a lion, and bird wings, under the name Lamassu. Similar to Chinese Lions of Fo, or shishi, lamassu are guardian sculptures, typically appearing in pairs, that were often placed outside prominent sites. The lamassu, is probably one of these "animals of white stone." you actually see that it's moving forward, itself there are ringlets as well, so we get a sense Lamassu of the King Sargon. King Sargon II died in a bloody battle in 705 BC and his body was never found. So it's important to For those that have five, two legs can be seen from the front, with the effect being that the figure appears to be standing still; in profile, four legs are visible, which makes the figure appear to be striding forward. Louvre - human-headed winged bulls, sculpture and Reliefs from Dur-Sharrukin. Lamassu (man-headed winged bull), from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad), Iraq, ca. I'm assuming Limestone, is that correct? The lamassu and shedu were household protective spirits of the common Assyrian people, becoming associated later as royal protectors, and were placed as sentinels at entrances. A lammasu briefly appears in the Fablehaven series. Possibly gypsum, Dur-Sharrukin, entrance to the throne room, c.721-705 B.C. This tragedy cannot be undone and is an attack on our sharedhistory and cultural heritage. 721-705 BCE Medium: Limestone Location: Originally from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern-day Khorsabad), Iraq. Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II Lamassu (winged human-headed bulls possibly lamassu or shedu) from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (now Khorsabad, Iraq), Neo-Assyrian, c. 720-705 BCE, gypseous alabaster, 4.20 4.36 0.97 m, excavated by P.-E. Botta 1843-44 (Muse du Louvre) In the News Direct link to Jeff Kelman's post How are we blessed to be , Posted 8 years ago. [10] This opinion is commonly followed and in artistic terminology these female figures are generally referred to as Lam(m)a. The video features footage of men using jackhammers, drills, and sledgehammers to demolish the lamassu. Academy, S. A. H. a. K. (2014, July 30). Royal Museums of Art and History - Brussels, Cylinder seal showing the representation of a devotee (center) by goddess Lamma (left), to Ishtar (right). Daylight from the courtyards glass roof plays on the large carved stone slabs, many of which originally stood in an open-air courtyard. Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II. this means for a guardian figure at a gate. But, my friend, do not look at the details of those stories any closer than you look at the details of stories like Little Red Riding Hood and the Big Bad Wolf. Direct link to jackmccann's post what does B.C.E stand for, Posted 8 years ago. They were moved to their current institutional homes by archaeologists who excavated these sites in the mid-19th century. -Well my favorite part is the crown. Part of one inscription reads: "I planned day and night how to settle that city and how to raise its great shrines, the dwellings of the great gods, and my royal residential palaces. And if you happen to catch a glimpse of them at sunset . The bull had broken into more than a dozen pieces in antiquity. [7][8] They are depicted as protective deities because they encompass all life within them. The winged beasts from Nimrud in Iraq (the ancient city of Kalhu) also became quite famous when Lamassu there were ruined in 2015. The fearsome Assyrians took their name from Assur, the city on the Tigris River in northern Iraq that was dedicated to the god Ashur. 3.13: Lamassu. [4][clarification needed] In Hittite, the Sumerian form dlamma is used both as a name for the so-called "tutelary deity", identified in certain later texts with the goddess Inara, and a title given to similar protective deities.[15]. 10, No. note that each of these Lamassu are actually Stele with inscription showing the protectrice deity Lam(m)a, dedicated by king Nazi-Maruttash to goddess Ishtar, from Uruk (1307-1282 BC). Lamassu (winged human-headed bulls possibly lamassu or shedu) from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (now Khorsabad, Iraq), Neo-Assyrian, c. 720-705 B.C.E., gypseous alabaster, 4.20 x 4.36 x 0.97 m, excavated by P.-E. Botta 1843-44 (Muse du Louvre)Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, IN THE NEWS: Irreplaceable Lamassu sculpture, Assyrianarchitecture and whole archaeological sites have recently been destroyed by militants that control large areas ofIraq and Syria. various gates, there were guardian figures that Khorsabad The Palace of Sargon This area mainly contains sculptures from the city and palace of Khorsabad, built for the Assyrian king Sargon II (721-705 BC). Rethinking a modern attribution. but when you look at it from the front, those two legs are static so the beast is stationary. Ashurbanipal hunting lions. Direct link to jr25414's post Is there a reason to beli, Posted 3 years ago. In fact, it was really a Winged genius making a gesture of blessing, Servants carrying the king's wheeled throne, Plaque of King Esarhaddon and the Queen Mother Naqija, Expedition to Lebanon: unloading tree trunks from the boats, Flix Thomas, The Pasha of Mosul visiting the excavations of Khorsabad. -The most impressive ISIS has turned the destruction of ancient artifacts into entertainment, Los Angeles Times, February 27, 2015. This colossal sculpture of a winged-bull was one of a series that guarded the entrance to the throne room of Sargon II, king of Assyria (721-705 BC), in his palace at Khorsabad, the capital city of the Neo-Assyrian Empire during his reign. these sculptures come from an excavation from In the Disney film Aladdin (1992), a gold lamassu can be found in the scene where Aladdin and Abu enter the cave in the desert to find the lamp. Direct link to Brevin Zitzmann's post Are we supposed to believ, Posted 9 days ago. 2nd, and we're carved at the height of Assyrian civilization in the 8th century BCE. It appears frequently in Mesopotamian art. Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II. Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul. The first change was the capital was moved to Dur Sharrukin (present day Khorsabad) and second the Lamassu was presented on a bull's body compared to a lions and seems to be slightly smiling. Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker provide a description, historical perspective, and analysis of Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II. Limestone, 13 10 high. 103 terms. The first Lamassu were carved with the body of a lion, but the ones from the palace of King Sargon II have a body of a bull. They were parts of city gates or citadel gates (where the temple and palace would be located), and, therefore, they had a structural purpose. 24 terms. While these hybrid creatures were supernatural beings, they were superior to humans but were not considered to be deities. This is why the passageways are flanked by monumental winged bulls, each carved from a single gigantic alabaster block and weighing about 28 tonnes. Michael Rakowitz, a Northwestern University professor of Art Theory & Practice, won a Fourth Plinth commission to recreate the Lamassu that stood in Nineveh, Iraq, from 700 BC until it was destroyed by ISIS in 2015. A bearded man with a winged bull body appears on the logo of the United States Forces Iraq. The video and its description text are provided by Youtube. In the film Alexander (2004), lamassu are seen at the Ishtar Gate in Babylon. View More. Accessed March 12, 2015. http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/winged-human-headed-bull. his hindquarters move back, and then we can see The winged bull stands at 16 feet tall and weighs approximately 40 tons. Direct link to David Alexander's post It was created by and for, Posted 8 years ago. ", Explore museums and play with Art Transfer, Pocket Galleries, Art Selfie, and more, Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures. I spoke and commanded it to be built." The creature's official name is a Lamassu, an ancient Assyrian protective deity with cloven feet and a human face. A. Spycket proposed that similar female figures appearing in particular in glyptics and statuary from the Akkadian period, and in particular in the presentation scenes (common especially in the Paleo-Babylonian era) were to be considered as Lam(m)a. Historians Pore Over ISIS Video of Smashed Statues for Clues to Whats Been Lost,, ISIS Destroys Mosul Museum Collection and Ancient Assyrian Statues,, Isis fighters destroy ancient artefacts at Mosul museum,, ISIS has turned the destruction of ancient artifacts into entertainment,, https://smarthistory.org/lamassu-from-the-citadel-of-sargon-ii/. To learn more: February 27, 2015 New York Times article, Posted 9 years ago. If there is political or religious destruction of artifacts in one region, collections from that region in distant museums will not be affected. 4,493 likes, 66 comments - Arkeoloji & Seyahat (@archeo.travel) on Instagram: "Louvre Mzesi'nde bulunan Asur kral II. sculptures that survive are the guardian figures Papsukkal (god). Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses -. Louvre - human-headed winged bulls and reliefs from Dur-Sharrukin, in their wider setting of reliefs, Louvre - human-headed winged bulls and reliefs from Dur-Sharrukin, The Metropolitan Museum of Art - human-headed winged lion and bull from Nimrud, companion pieces to those in the British Museum. Some of Bottas finds were exhibited at the Louvre, where the worlds first Assyrian museum was inaugurated on 1 May 1847. It's in awfully good condition. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. In his capital city, Dur Sharrukin, Sargon II placed the Lamassu in pairs on each of the seven gates to the city. In one modern interpretation, they combine the strength of a bull, the freedom of an eagle, and the intelligence of a human being. The Khorsabad courtyard displays the remains of a gigantic city built in under ten years in the late 8th century BC. form this lovely decorative pattern up the side of This figure, known as a lamassu from the textual sources, is a composite mythological being with the head of a human, the body and ears of a bull, and the wings of a bird. So there were palaces at Nimrid and Assur before this, and after there'll be a palace at Nineveh, but Academy, Smarthistory, Art History at Khan. Lamassu represent the zodiacs, parent-stars, or constellations. On Monday, May 1, the museum will be closed. stand , Posted 9 years ago. The head, the only human element, whose ears are those of a bull, has a man's -So at each of these 01 May 2023. There's also a larger one with its head turned to the side at the Oriental Institute in Chicago. gates of the citadel itself. Historians Pore Over ISIS Video of Smashed Statues for Clues to Whats Been Lost, The New York Times, February 26, 2015. Quiz 1 Question Artist: Unknown, from the Assyrian civilization Title: Lamassu Date: ca. January 1, 2013. P. G. Finch, The Winged Bulls at the Nergal Gate of Nineveh, Iraq, Vol. -Well the whole form is so decorative. The winged bull stands at 16 feet tall and weighs approximately 40 tons. Heffron, Yamur. With the geographical differences along with a new ruler, the Lamassu stayed a prevalent part of the Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian culture. At the entrance of cities, they were sculpted in colossal size, and placed as a pair, one at each side of the door of the city, that generally had doors in the surrounding wall, each one looking toward one of the cardinal points. -In Iraq. A number of them once decorated the main courtyard leading to the throne room in the huge palace of Sargon II. series of civilizations that conquered each other. moving these massive Lamassu into place. Lama, Lamma, or Lamassu (Cuneiform: , .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}an.kal; Sumerian: dlamma; later in Akkadian: lamassu; sometimes called a lamassus)[1][2] is an Assyrian protective deity. From Assyrian times, lamassu were depicted as hybrids, with bodies of either winged bulls or lions and heads of human males. Recent flashcard sets. Cuneiform is a script that was used to write several languages in the Ancient Near East. The video features footage of men using jackhammers, drills, and sledgehammers to demolish the lamassu. The lamassu in museums today (including the Louvre, shown in our video, as well the British Museum, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and National Museum of Iraq in Baghdad, and others) came from various ancient Assyrian sites located in modern-day Iraq. Direct link to David Alexander's post No. In about 713 BC, he made a radical decision intended to assert his authority: he founded a new capital. Rakowitz's sculpture will be displayed in London's Trafalgar Square beginning in 2018.[17]. lamassu, monumental Mesopotamian relief sculptures dating from the 9th to the 7th century bce. The palace decoration of Ashurbanipal. These fantastic creatures, called aladlamm or lamassu, have the body and ears of a bull, the wings of an eagle and the crowned head of a human whose face resembles depictions of Sargon II. He abandoned work on the unfinished city of Khorsabad, and the site was gradually forgotten, not to be rediscovered until the pioneering excavations conducted in 1843 by Paul mile Botta, the French vice-consul in Mosul. Take them for those truths, and let the details slip away. And then there's size. Lamassu: backstory. With great difficulty, the pieces were transported to Chicago, inserted through the wall of the gallery as it was being built in 1930, and assembled and restored in place. Lamassu were used as political propaganda for the Kings of Assyria. In the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, they are depicted as physical deities as well, which is where the lamassu iconography originates, physical representations or embodiments of divine higher principles associated with specific celestial origins. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. , Cite this page as: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker, "Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II," in, Not your grandfathers art history: a BIPOC Reader, Reframing Art History, a new kind of textbook, Guide to AP Art History vol. Trebonianus Gallus emperor or athlete? Lamassu are not sculptures in the round but double-aspect reliefs that are meant to be viewed from the front or the side. And then under the creature, If you want to learn about AWS architectural or security best practices where . Given recent news, this statement breaks the heart. "Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II." Direct link to Jeffrey A. Becker's post The lamassu from Nimrud n, Posted 7 years ago. Mesopotamia in the Neo-Assyrian period (place names in French) Sargon II ruled from 722 to 705 BC. Known as a Lamassu, other examples had the body of a lion. We are not supposed to believe them any more than we believe Aesop's fables. Winged, human-headed bulls served as guardians of the city and its palacewalking by, they almost seem to move. Everett Munez was an Editorial Intern at Encyclopdia Britannica. Isis fighters destroy ancient artefacts at Mosul museum, The Guardian, February 26, 2015. a ring of feathers. This particular statue was 13 10 high and made from limestone in 720 B.C. Embedded by Jan van der Crabben, published on 30 July 2014. Alongside with warding away supernatural elements, the massive size of the figure warded away natural forces, such as enemy troops and outsiders, by their imposing presence of standing from 10 to 14 feet tall and to also serve as a clear reminder of the kings authority over all of his empire.
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