10 Jaw-dropping Engineering Marvels of the Inca Empire, Pompeii Unveiled: Discovering the City's Most Amazing Secrets (Video), Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, Thieves of Fire in Ancient Mythology: Divine Creation and Destruction in the Hands of Man, Crime and Punishment: Eternal Damnations as handed down by the Ancient Greek Gods, Pandora, the Goddess who Unleashed both Hell and Hope upon Humanity, Kratos: The Cruel Greek God of Strength and Power, Prometheus: The Creator of Mankind Who Stole Fire from the Gods, Pandora: Unleashing Hell and Hope Upon Humanity, The Controversy Surrounding Witches Familiars and Religious Judgement, The Ancient Kingdom of Colchis: A Legendary Land of Plenty, Conflict, and the Golden Fleece. "The Song of Achilles" by Madeline Miller, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $10.35. Beltane is an ancient Gaelic festival celebrating the beginning of summer and the renewal of life. What Did Ancient Greece Really Look Like? As he was taking her home, the Centaur Nessus tried to violate her, and Heracles shot him with one of his poisoned arrows. This modern novel follows Briseis, who was once a queen in a kingdom neighboring Troy but is now a spoil of war and servant of Achilles during the Trojan War. Required fields are marked *. As not only is rape considered betraying ones own kind, but to rape someone that you know and have at least some type of relation with, is an advanced form of betrayal. In art and literature, Heracles was represented as an enormously strong man of moderate height, a huge eater and drinker, very amorous, and generally kindly but with occasional outbursts of brutal rage. Dear Life ends with these words: We say of some things that they cant be forgiven, or that we will never forgive ourselves. The deadliest monster in Greek mythology and Father of All Monsters. Prometheus shaped man after the image of the gods and designed him to be nobler than any other beast. Pandora, in her fear, quickly shut the box, but she closed it before one last creature could escape, Hope. It is a brave, powerful story about survival and resilience, which in no way shies away from the horrors of war and the cruelty women suffered at the hands of their enslavers. When he had almost completed the piece, which was truly remarkable, he ran out of clay to use for her feet. From James Joyce to Ali Smith and Chigozie Obioma, the archetypal stories of the ancients have inspired some of our best fiction. Condemned by Zeus to carry the world on his back after the Titans lost the war. "When He had finished praying, Jesus left with His disciples and crossed the Kidron Valley. Told from Briseis' point of view, this novel is a powerful dedication to the forgotten women from the ancient tale of "The Iliad" as Briseis gives a voice to the women who were captured and enslaved by the victors. Captive Andromache by Frederic Leighton (1830-1896). All rights reserved. Zeus was outraged. Not only is this relevant in ancient and modern greek culture, but in modern cultures around the world as they are influenced by the stories of greek mythology, such as the olympic games, architecture, zodiac signs, and language. A Visual Tour (Video). The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus (18:1-14). However, of more influential and recognizable status are the brothers known as the Great three: Zeus, god of the sky, Poseidon, god of the sea, and Hades, god of the underworld. They named her Pandora and she was commanded to marry Prometheuss brother Epimetheus. This list includes classic tales and legend-inspired new releases. The Persians used the trail to outflank the defenders. ( Public Domain ). The god of the deep abyss, a great pit in the depths of the underworld, and father of Typhon. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. Titan godof forethought and crafty counsel who was given the task of moulding mankind out of clay. An Olympian god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, religious ecstasy and theatre. Represented the physical, violent and untamed aspect of war. "Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes" by Edith Hamilton, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $9.30. What sets this account of the senseless slaughter of young men apart is the deep sympathy with which it scans the waste of war. 6 An Orchestra of Minorities by Chigozie Obioma Another reinterpretation of the Odyssey. The Spartan king, Leonidas, sent away most of the Greeks, but he himself remained behind with a rear guard composed of his men, the Thespian contingent and a Theban detachment. "Starcrossed" is an engrossing young adult romance that intertwines Greek mythology into a modern young adult story. Oedipus, in Greek mythology, the king of Thebes who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. He is also a master at cunning deception, craftiness, and treachery. 9 The Maidens by Alex MichaelidesDark academia meets Greek myth in this literary thriller set at Cambridge University. Jun 14, 2022, 9:16 AM. In Greek mythology, Dolos or Dolus (Ancient Greek: "Deception") is the spirit of trickery. As the gods watch from above, the dogs struggle with their new complex understanding of themselves and the world, torn between the new and the old ways of thinking. There is nothing like a Greek myth for tackling the forces and motivations behind human and divine action. "The Lightning Thief" by Rick Riordan, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $5.97. From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Heracles, Humanities LibreTexts - Biography of Heracles, Heracles - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Hercules - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Heracles breaking the horns of the hind of Arcadia. Believed to be the personification of the World Ocean, an enormous river encircling the world. Love and romance are enduring subjects throughout Greek mythology, with stories of successful couples that brave the odds, and tragic tales of loss and betrayal. In society, everyone puts their trust in someone such as a friend, a family, or a loved one. Top image: Prometheus and Hercules by Christian Griepenkerl. Eventually he was chained to the mountain for so long that he became one with the rock; the whole time, looking on in agony as his creations, mankind, suffered from the creatures that were released from Pandoras box. This idea is discussed in literature such as in the novel Indian Horse. After the war she found herself in East Germany, where she became a Communist party official. The patron god of the silver-swirling Achelous River. Titan god of the ocean. He betrays the Spartans to the Persians because he was spurned by the Spartan maiden, Ellas, thinking he could win her over by dangling riches he thought he would later have. When we think of Greek myths we think of vengeful gods, legendary heroes, sweeping love affairs and dastardly deeds. The brothers set about creating life upon the earth. As a consequence for their actions, both Atreus and Thyestes were banished by their father , along with their mother. Consequently, it is said that while evil haunts this world, mankind still has hope. People trust one another because they teach one another or they love one another. Ancient, pre-Olympian sea-god of the deep sea, one of the Greek primordial deities and son of Gaia. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In Oedipus Rex, as Oedipus murders his own father it parallels Assef raping Hassan, as Assef knew Hassan before. I've tried on my phone, my husband's phone, and my computer, and nothing :(I've tried Episode 131B, and it works! Email us at reviews@insider.com. The Titan god of warcraft and of the springtime campaign season. A large Viking burial mound found on the island of Karmy off Norways western coast was long thought to be empty. [3], Their [Aether and Hemera's] brothers and sisters, whom the ancient genealogists name Amor/ Eros (Love), Dolus (Guile), Metus/ Deimos (Fear), Labor/ Ponus (Toil), Invidentia/ Nemesis (Envy), Fatum/ Moros (Fate), Senectus/ Geras (Old Age), Mors/ Thanatos (Death), Tenebrae/ Keres (Darkness), Miseria/ Oizys (Misery), Querella/ Momus (Complaint), Gratia/ Philotes (Favour), Fraus/ Apate (Fraud), Pertinacia (Obstinacy), the Parcae/ Moirai (Fates), the Hesperides, the Somnia/ Oneiroi (Dreams): all of these are fabled to be the children of Erebus (Darkness) and Nox/ Nyx (Night).[4]. But! Eventually she opened the box to see what was inside. Updates? He thought about what would be needed several years in the future. British spy Alec Leamas is assigned one last operation before he can be brought in from the cold. With fire they learnt to survive cold winters and defy the seasons. Persephone herself was the goddess of spring. Beautifully written and utterly immersive. Written in 1963, the novel carries strains of film noir, with the lonely, haunted war veteran, feeding on whisky in bleak cityscapes, trying to do right, trying and failing to save the girl he loves. Medea is betrayed and abandoned by her husband . Leonidas gives him a blessing to live forever, which functions as an insult since a Spartan's greatest honor is to die in battle. In this book, Evslin brings the ancient myths to life in a series of stories to introduce readers to the gods in a captivating and exciting way. Atreus was also the father of Menaleus, who wife Helen of Troy, was kidnapped , the spark that started the Trojan War. "Classical Mythology A to Z: An Encyclopedia of Gods & Goddesses, Heroes & Heroines, Nymphs, Spirits, Monsters, and Places" by Annette Giesecke and Jim Tierney, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $26.72. We welcome your feedback. There he was reconciled to Hera and married Hebe. p. 4. A minor god of vegetation, fruits of the earth and rebirth. on Ancient Betrayals: Chrysippus and Family. Neolithic Stone Balls: The Northern Rosetta Stone? Beginning with Zeus and making his way through the gods' family tree, Fry brings his wit and comedy into this celebration of mythology, made even more entertaining in the audiobook version as he narrates the myths. [citation needed] His female counterpart is Apate, who is the goddess of fraud and deception. The d'Aulaires' introduction to Greek mythology is the perfect first read for young readers to experience the enchantment of gods and goddesses through simple stories and accompanying artwork. Helen finds herself entangled in both the secrets of her ancestry and an ancient, tragic play the Fates are determined to repeat. ( Public Domain ). Your email address will not be published. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. She claims not to remember anything of her conversations with the Stasi agents. A fisherman who became immortal upon eating a magical herb, an Argonaut who may have built and piloted the Argo, and became a god of the sea. Pandora: The Tale of a Good Girl Gone Bad. 3 Ulysses by James JoyceHomers epic poem the Odyssey is reimagined in 1900s Dublin, chronicling in minute detail a single day in the life of Leopold Bloom, his friend Stephen Dedalus and his long-suffering wife Molly. I lied to escape, I lied to be loved, I lied for placement and power; I lied to lie. An epic work in its own right, the novel is divided into episodes that roughly correspond to those in the original poem. A group of gods that came before all else. To support the Guardian and Observer, order your copy at guardianbookshop.com. In fact, the myth even suggests that the ancient Greeks did not consider the gods all powerful, as the cleverness of Sisyphus nearly allows him to escape punishment altogether. 5 The Silence of the Girls by Pat Barker This critically acclaimed novel is a retelling of Homers Iliad, told from the perspective of Briseis, a Trojan queen who is captured and forced to become the concubine of Achilles. Obioma tackles the myth by lifting it out of Ancient Greece and into Umuahia, Nigeria. Then the gods decided to put on the planet creatures that might live through the graces of the gods. Another Anemoi (wind god) and Greek god of the south wind. When Sisyphus Tricked the gods into letting him live forever. Oedipus was the son of Laius and Jocasta, the king and queen of Thebes. According to Herodotus, he was killed for an apparently unrelated reason by Athenades (Greek: ) of Trachis, around 470 BC, but the Spartans rewarded Athenades all the same. A Visual Tour (Video), Behind the Scenes of Ancient Greece: Exploring the Daily Life of its People (Video), Trove of Ancient Artifacts Discovered in Paestum Include Dolphin Statuette of Eros, TheiaGreek Goddess of Light, the Sun, the Moon, and Wisdom, Greeces East Attica In Antiquity: Playground Of Gods, Heroes And Heroines, A Face to the Legend: The Quest to Reconstruct Cleopatra's Look (Video), Aspasia - The Real-Life Helen of Troy? Whether you're looking for a book to help you learn about popular Greek myths or a fictional retelling of your favorite goddess, here are some of the best books about or featuring featuring Greek mythology: "The Odyssey" by Homer, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $10.99. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. An Orchestra of Minorities by Chigozie Obioma. Dolos is an apprentice of the Titan Prometheus and a companion of the Pseudea (Lies). First, Zeus commanded Hephaestus, the blacksmith for the Gods, to craft a creature so beautiful that it would plague the hearts of men. According to myth, after Paris named Aphrodite the fairest goddess she told him to set sail for Sparta where he would find his bride to be. Throughout history, she has been referred to as Gaia, Gaea, and Ge, though all translate back to the ancient Greek word for "earth.". Perfect for new or seasoned readers of Greek mythology, this book not only retells the myths but analyses how the legacies have a lasting impact on society today. Accompanied by brilliant illustrations, "Medusa" is a vibrant and imaginative retelling of Medusa's story. He is also a master at cunning deception, craftiness, and treachery. Atreus continues to appear in ancient Greek myths, especially when it involves his cursed bloodline, which is often referred to as the House of Atreus. A wind god (Anemoi). Known as the strongest man on Earth. The concept of trust is an idea everyone toys with in their lives at one point. Leonidas asks him to support his brethren by bringing the wounded water and clearing the dead from the battleground. Prometheus spent thousands of years suffering this punishment. Also appearing after Chaos was Eros, the source of sexual love/attraction that brought beings together to produce more children. Right away, innumerable evil creatures like disease, famine, and plague flew out of the box and began to spread around the earth. Greek mythology is full of gods and goddesses, heroes, and deities who play roles in countless stories of love, courage, and redemption. The story of The Kite Runner sees a similar ideology of betrayal. The allied Greek land forces, which Herodotus states numbered no more than 4,200 men, had chosen Thermopylae to block the advance of the much larger Persian army. God of family feuds and avenger of evil deeds. Butler at Darlington Hall, the poised Mr Stevens decides to visit his old colleague of 20 years standing, Miss Kenton. Munro always writes unflinchingly about life. Betrayal recurs throughout Greek mythology but its consequences are rarely as furious and devastating as in Euripides' famous revenge tragedy. She soon falls into a mad state of depression, preaching to her husbands ghost that she will never love again; for her heart belonged to him and him only. On the other hand, Epimetheus was rash and impulsive. Prometheus, that potter who gave shape to our new generation, decided one day to sculpt the form of Veritas (Truth) [Aletheia], using all his skill so that she would be able to regulate people's behaviour. 7 A Thousand Ships by Natalie Haynes Broadcaster and classicist Natalie Haynes brilliantly retells the story of the Trojan war from an all-female perspective. Chrysippus was slotted to be a competitor, but instead, Laius kidnapped and raped him. "The Iliad" by Homer, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $12.99. They continued on with their lives, committing more sins against their flesh and blood. Olympian god of music, poetry, art, oracles, archery, plague, medicine, sun, light and knowledge. God of the sky, lightning, thunder, law, order, justice, King of the Gods and the Father of Gods and men. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Innocence of betrayal does not even occur within the third characters story, Amir. An Inspirational Courtesans Tale, Was Anne of Cleves Too Ugly for King Henry VIII? "D'Aulaires' Book of Greek Myths" by Ingri d'Aulaire and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $17.99. A wholly original story that explores themes of jealousy, trauma and the crippling effects of fame with visceral panache. But rather than going down Medeas route of destruction, Olds treats her former husband quite tenderly and eventually comes to cherish her new freedom. The first betrayal in his life came at the hands of his tutor Theban Laius, who was the boy's escort to the Nemean Games. Ariadne And Theseus Whatever the case, trust is an essential piece to a relationship. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. According to the myth as written by the Roman poet Virgil, the Trojan warrior Aeneas escapes the wreckage of Troy and embarks on a divine quest to found the city of Rome. The job of creating man and animals was given to the titan brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus. But betrayal is a complicated thing in this novel of duplicity. At first Pandora abided by this rule, however her curiosity got the best of her. Most people are familiar with the creation of Adam and Eve in the Book of Genesis. Although he is brave and his spear thrust more than adequate, he cannot raise his arm so he cannot be part of the phalanx, a vital part of the Spartan battle formation. Its a twisty tale, with lots of red herrings to keep you guessing, that is also a clever tribute to Greek tragedy. This act is unthinkable today, perhaps, but sadly not unheard of. Prometheus creating man in the presence of Athena (detail), Painted in 1802 by Jean-Simon Berthlemy, painted again by Jean-Baptste Mauzaisse in 1826. This shows that the ancient Greeks not only created glorious stories but also tragedies laden with pain and despair. He challenged Zeus for control of Mount Olympus. We collected the best books to learn about Greek mythology or discover a fictional retelling. Throughout Sauls Journey in the novel Indian Horse he learns about trust by experiencing it as reality then as an illusion and finally as a choice he must make. Atreus was known for cooking the children of his brother for fun, while Thyestes committed adultery with his brothers wife. When young poultry farmer Chinonso sees a woman about to jump off a bridge his whole life is set off course, and the aftermath of this event takes him further and further away from his dreams. Thanatos was the son of Nyx, the goddess of night, and the brother of Hypnos, the god of sleep. We highlight products and services you might find interesting. 1 House of Names by Colm Tibn This intricately plotted novel draws on a number of Greek myths, chief among them those found in Aeschyluss Oresteia. Zeus came to Antiope on a remote hillside in the guise of a satyr. as well as other partner offers and accept our, Katherine Fiorillo is a freelance content writer specializing in books, lifestyle, and e-commerce.Katherine has a B.A. Before Pandora departed Olympus she was given a box and told by the gods to never open it - under any circumstances. In Greek mythology, Sinon ( Ancient Greek: , [1] from the verb "" sinomai, "to harm, to hurt" [2]) or Sinopos, [3] was a Greek warrior during the Trojan War . Deianeira, realizing that Iole was a dangerous rival, sent Heracles a garment smeared with the blood of Nessus. Online version at the Topos Text Project. There have been many Greek gods mentioned across thousands of stories in Greek mythology from the Olympian gods all the way down to the many minor gods. Using her magic to help Jason secure the Golden Fleece, Medea subsequently fell in love with him, causing her to flee her homeland and family. Along the side of Yanmen Shan mountain, located twenty kilometers to the east of Nanjing, China, the legendary Yangshan quarry can be found. 2 Autobiography of Red by Anne Carson An arresting novel in verse which brings the Greek monster Geryon (who features in the 10th Labour of Heracles) into a modern-day setting. The first betrayal in his life came at the hands of his tutor Theban Laius, who was the boys escort to the Nemean Games. [1] He betrayed his homeland, in hope of receiving some kind of reward from the Persians,[2] by showing the army of Xerxes a path around the allied Greek position at the pass of Thermopylae, which helped them win the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC. Argonautica was not based solely around her and Jasons story, however it was a key part, displaying her as a maiden of indecisive thoughts and a treacherous love and devotion to Jason. But the novel ends with the elderly butler realising how the beliefs that have sustained him have also betrayed him. The master returned, so Dolus (Trickery) quickly sat down in his seat, quaking with fear. While his brother crafted creatures with little thought, Prometheus toiled carefully over the creation of man from a lump of clay. "Daughters of Sparta" follows Helen and Klytemnestra as they're separated and married off at young ages to cruel and powerful husbands, pushing against what is expected of them and offer a retelling of the Siege of Troy through their own perspectives. She feared that Chrysippus would inherit the throne after Pelops instead of her offspring. These classic, timeless stories have been crafted into a concise, intriguing, and very readable romp through the human . Annette Giesecke, who has a Ph.D. in Classics, offers exciting details to the classic Greek tales combined with Jim Tierney's incredible artwork that brings the characters to life. "The Penelopiad" is a retelling of the story of Penelope and Odysseus, told with a modern voice and focusing on Penelope's story from "The Odyssey." Homo Naledi: A Mysterious Extinct Human Species (Video), The Incredible Odyssey of Mankind: Ape to Human in a Million Years (Video), Evidence that Noahs Ark Landed on a Mountain 17 Miles South of Ararat, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Unleashing the Fury of the Khopesh: A Look at Egypts Deadliest Weapon (Video), Jewelry to Die For: 14th-Century Bulgarian Ring with a Killer Dose, The Macuahuitl: An Aztec Warriors Lethal and Sacred Weapon (Video), What Did Ancient Egypt Really Look Like? As one of the great betrayals in ancient Greek mythology, it is his marriage to the sorceress Medea that is featured in many of the ancient tales. "Secret of the Broken King" by Eliza Raine, available on Amazon, from 10.99. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. In Greek mythology, Gaia was worshiped as a fertility and Earth goddess. The Greek myth of Jason and the Golden Fleece is one of the oldest myths of a hero's quest. This short read is a compassionate yet haunting version of events that highlights the formerly neglected perspectives of Penelope and her 12 maids. Betrayal of trust often causes unforeseen consequences, harms relationships, and results in internal and external. Spies are betrayers by profession. In some versions of the myth Prometheus was eventually rescued by the hero Heracles. They are transformative tales which explore the full range of human experience so it is hardly surprising that writers continually turn to them for inspiration. The Titan god of the heavenly constellations and the measure of the year. In Italy he was worshipped as a god of merchants and traders, although others also prayed to him for his characteristic gifts of good luck or rescue from danger. Piri Reis Map - How Could a 16th Century Map Show Antarctica Without Ice? When she learned she was pregnant she was so afraid of her father's reaction that she fled to the city of Sicyon. God of agriculture, leader and the youngest of the first generation of Titans and father of the Titans. This is the place she herself got away from, leaving home and family behind. "Lore" is an engrossing fantasy novel where nine Greek gods are forced to walk the earth as mortals during a hunt called "the Agon" that takes place every seven years. Orpheus, by contrast, . Edith Hamilton's "Mythology" is a classic collection of Greek myths that combines beautiful graphics and illustrations with easy-to-follow explanations, a favorite since its publication in 1942. When Aeneas seeks protection in Carthage . "Heroes, Gods and Monsters of the Greek Myths" by Bernard Evslin, available on Amazon and Bookshop, from $6.79. "Lore Olympus" is a stunning graphic novel about the love story between Hades and Persephone that begins when they meet at a party and feel an immediate spark. Betrayal is a deeply emotional and personal experience that can leave lasting scars on an individual's heart and psyche. In Dear Life, the title story of her 2012 collection, Munro returns again to the farm at the end of a long road. She presents a kaleidoscopic view of the war and the women involved in a series of episodes narrated by Calliope, the Greek muse of epic poetry. Dolos became known for his skill when he attempted to make a fraudulent copy statue of Aletheia (Veritas), in order to trick people into thinking they were seeing the real statue. All my life I have lied. The clandestine nature of their trade makes them prone to the kind of duplicity where one part of their own character will always be busy betraying the other. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Despite that promiscuous, rebellious, violent and arrogant life style, many verses will tell us that the Spirit of the lord came upon him and will win the battle to the expense of Samsons integrity for the empowerment of Gods Spirit did not necessarily mean that God did endorse his, One of the biggest acts of betrayal would have to be in the Aeneid, which Virgil, one of the most renowned poets in ancient Greece, wrote. He appeared to humans to carry them off to the underworld when the time allotted to them by the Fates had expired. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins), about Kratos: The Cruel Greek God of Strength and Power, about Prometheus: The Creator of Mankind Who Stole Fire from the Gods, about Pandora: Unleashing Hell and Hope Upon Humanity, about The Controversy Surrounding Witches Familiars and Religious Judgement, about The Ancient Kingdom of Colchis: A Legendary Land of Plenty, Conflict, and the Golden Fleece. Thoths Storm: New Evidence for Ancient Egyptians in Ireland? In Sicyon she married the local king, Epopeus. "Mythos" is my personal favorite retelling of Greek mythology because Stephen Fry's voice animates each tale in a hilarious and engaging way. God of war. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The greatest of the Greek heroes, he became god of heroes, sports, athletes, health, agriculture, fertility, trade, oracles and divine protector of mankind. The punishment he devised was twofold. It is both brilliant and infuriating in its sheer scale and narrative styling, and one of the greatest literary achievements of the 20th century. Any account of the first world war can be read as a testament of humanity betrayed.
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