Include both positive and negative outcomes. keep the balance of free and slave states However, there was a business opportunity in the search for resources. Mongol leader who conquered Persia and Mesopotamia, started the Ghazi model for warriors. Tax (ex: Mughal zamindar tax collection, Ottoman tax farming), used movable type to print, increased literacy and helped spread the Reformation, First absolute tsar of Russia who crushed the boyars, giving him a bad reputation, emperor of Qing dynasty, greatly expanded China's borders. By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. The Aztecs were skilled metalworkers and weavers and produced many works of art and crafts in gold, silver, and other materials. These, Gunpowder technology was getting better, making it easier to use guns. Bureaucracy/Military (ex: Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai) It was founded by Sonni Ali, who established the Songhai Dynasty and expanded the territory of the empire through military conquests. They had religious tolerance as different religions were allowed. Sikhism was a persecuted religion under the Mughals and beyond. Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750? What changes (political, social, cultural) occurred as a result of the Protestant Reformation? Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. Turkish leadership but came from Sufi religious order. The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. How did the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912), in China centralize their bureaucracies? The effects consisted of increased warfare and wealth in West Africa as they traded goods for warfare. Tax Farmers (who were not government employees) were told to collect a certain amount of taxes from an area. In the British North American colonies, Europeans, Natives, and African slaves remained separate classes that rarely mixed. What methods were used by the Aztec Empire to collect taxes? 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. During the Russian Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. The. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife. How did the Aztecs use Tribute as a means for consolidating power? It had a centralized, autocratic government and a diverse population that included Muslims, Christians, and Jews. They are still back seat to the Land Based empires. Who were typically indentured servants in this time period and how would that change in the 1750-1900 time period? The Safavid Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its role in the spread of Shia Islam in the region. How did they deal with political and religious disputes? As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. The Spanish Empire was a global empire centered in Spain that ruled over a large portion of the world from the 15th to the early 19th centuries. The Ming Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644. Columbus was an all around terrible human being that committed mass genocide, but he gets the namesake of this era because his voyage kicked off a new global trading system. Tolerant of Central Asian belief systems. The Safavid Empire was a major regional power and had a significant influence on the culture and history of the Middle East. Japan initially welcomed Portuguese and Dutch traders and. What were the characteristics of European secularism? A, For those empires that expanded overseas, there were two major types that corresponded more to the situation of the colonized regions. As more land was found and Europeans created trading posts in Africa, more Africans were enslaved and more goods were produced. The Incan Empire, also known as the Inca Empire, was a South American empire that was located in the Andes Mountains. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. The Spanish had the purpose of exploiting gold and providing it as a population outlet. The economy became more centralized and industrialized, and the arts, including literature, theater, and the tea ceremony, flourished. Thats complicated, and unique to each state. West It was the largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas and was centered in what is now Peru. Positive - new technologies and food Positive - new products were being traded, allies were made, wealth, plantation farming increased What were the characteristics of the Songhay Empire? Describe European maritime empires: Spanish. prevent a civil war from happening In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, things were different. After him (not directly) Aurangzeb forbade Hindus and and reversed Akbar's policies. Utilization of religious ideas to solidify rule. 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. (Caravanserai protection of trade routes, and an increase in control of those trade routes led to profit for the Ottoman Empire.). How did social hierarchies change in this time? The two split because they couldn't agree on who they wanted to rule after Muhammad, Ali or Abu Bakr. While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. Focused on logic rather than just faith (medicine). They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. This kept more money in the bank at any given time. Legitimizing Power 4. TheFrenchEmpirewasoneofthelargestandmostpowerfulempiresinhistory,withterritoriesinEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsiaatitspeak. They blended Christian and Islamic faiths into their empire. The fall of the Inca Empire marked the end of the pre-Columbian civilizations in South America and the beginning of the colonial period. Music was a key factor for survival in many slave communities. The tsar wielded absolute power in this autocracy. They also expanded trade which enriched the rulers. On the answer line, write Correct for correct use and Incorrect for incorrect use. The Portuguese Empire was distinguished by a strong centralized government and a global trade and colonization network. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. The French Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its impact on European politics and history. Elite Safavid soldiers made up of enslaved people from Armenian and Circassian populations, much like Devshirme. These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. Jewish populations descended from eastern and central Europe are called Ashkenazi. So states began to practice mercantilist policies, which limited imports and maximized exports. Describe European maritime empires: Portuguese. I believe I ________close the windows in case of rain. The Mughal Empire is known for its cultural achievements and the relative peace and prosperity that it brought to the region during its rule. The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? On the backs of millions of slaves, sugar eventually outpaced silver as the most profitable good at the time. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. Many cotton and sugar plantations enslaved Africans. The Aztec Empire came to an end in the 16th century, when it was conquered by the Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernn Corts. The Aztec Empire was known for its sophisticated government system, which included an organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. TheFrenchEmpiredeclinedinthenineteenthcentury. A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. His death effectively ended the Mughal Empire and the. The Qajar dynasty, which followed the Safavids, eventually regained control of the empire and ruled over Iran until the early 20th century. In Asia, the trend was toward large, land-based empires which were controlled from a central capital city. Decide whether the italicized vocabulary word has been used correctly in the sentence. These new scientific discoveries and navigation undoubtedly opened up new trade networks across the Atlantic and Pacific, which also led to mass migrations of people (forced and voluntary). Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. The Spanish also established a fort at St. Augustine in present-day Florida. Use these abbreviations: subj.subj.subj. (Refe Ottoman Empire, 1919. What were the characteristics of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China? Describe European maritime empires: Dutch. The Ming dynasty was well-known for its strong government, cultural achievements, and economic growth. The answers consists of vocabulary words. Back in England, things were getting complicated. This allowed for indirect rule (instead of centralized direct authority), where the Aztec did not have to be present in conquered areas to maintain control. . Spiritual equality and education so you can read the bible. It was a major player in world affairs and one of the great powers of the nineteenth century. One way rulers legitimized and consolidated their power was through the use of tributes and taxes. The Inca Empire is particularly known for its system of quipus, which were knotted cords that were used for record-keeping and communication. How did the Asante benefit from participation in trading networks in this time period? Describe indentured servitude. The explosion of the slave trade seriously weakened African kingdoms that had been on the rise before this time. Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. It was distinguished by a global trade network and a system of colonies and dependencies. From the 15th to the early 20th centuries, the Portuguese Empire ruled over a significant portion of the world. Major center for Islamic learning and commerce. How did the Mexica Aztec organize their empire and generate revenue? The Dutch were a highly commercialized society that's main trade was in spices. As Europeans explored and colonized Africa and Asia, they set up. Indentured servitude was a contract as landowners provided food and shelter for the work done instead of money. As large empires started state expansion and centralization as they conquered land that was already home to natives, the natives resisted and fought back. What were the impacts the trans-Atlantic slave trade on West Africa? The most common destination for slaves was Brazil because sugar was so harsh to cultivate that the lifespan of slaves was extremely short (5-10% of slaves died every year). Ruled from 1644 until 1911. The Incan Empire was known for its advanced system of government, which included a well-organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. Europeans had trading posts in Africa because they then had access to slaves, ivory, gold, and grain. Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. US military It was a time of relative peace and stability, marked by the centralization of power under the Tokugawa Shogunate, a hereditary military dictatorship that ruled Japan during this time. The Dutch Empire was characterized by a strong centralized government and a global network of trade and colonization. How did leaders legitimize their rule through architecture 1450-1700? A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. 1. Land-based empires generated revenue to expand and maintain power by creating new tax collection systems and used tribute collection. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. The most dramatic social changes happened in the Americas because of the influx of Europeans, decimation of Indigenous, and explosion of the African slave trade. Why does it have these characteristics? Ottoman Empire Between the 14th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire ruled over much of southeastern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Name:_____ Date:_____ Period:_____ Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 (use presentation and AMSCO p. 353-371) Ottoman Empire Location: North Africa, The Middle East, and Eastern Europe Dates: 1299-1919 Safavid Empire Location: Middle East Dates: 1501-1722 Mughal Empire Location: South Asia Dates: 1526-1857 Political / Military HOW did rulers legitimize and consolidate power? The caraval, carrack and fluyt were all new technologies that helped countries increase their access to sea trade and travel. how rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires from 1450-1750. by Lauren edone RELIGION TAX & TRIBUTE BEUREACRATIC ELITES BUREACTRATIC ELITES Janissaries Rulers employed bureaucratic elites to enforce laws and military pros to New technology More exploration Columbian Exchange, New foodstuffs increased the population everywhere, Except for the Americas where disease decimated everyone , Migration of people Spread of religion, new syncretic cultures, Integration of the west trade was actually global new Maritime (sea-based) powers, Mercantilism & capitalism became predominant economic policies, The new global economy had long-lasting effects, European middle class gained wealth Industrialization possible, Prosperity funding for arts and architecture, Slave trade intensified as demand for labor increased, Other coerced systems created (encomienda, mita), Social class based on race & ethnicity, first time ever, Transport paid in exchange for 7 years of unpaid labor, Development of European colonies overseas, Opening of new trade routes over the Atlantic and Pacific, Population growth, which increased demand for goods, Vodun - West African spiritualism brought to caribbean, Candomble - dance to honor the gods, Bantu + Brazil, Virgin of Guadalupe - Indigenous + Catholic, Queen Nzingas rebellion in modern-day Angola, Pueblo & Apache Revolt in present-day New Mexico, Gloucester County Slave Rebellion (Virginia), Glorious Revolution (Catholic vs. Protestant in England). New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. In an effort to genocide Indigenous culture, Europeans were encouraged to procreate with the Indigenous and African communities. How did land based empires in 1450-1700 use religious tolerance? There were two main joint-stock companies. It showed his power and wealth. In the 18th century, the Spanish Empire began to decline. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. This is a constant in world history. It came to an end in the mid-18th century, when it was conquered by the Afghan Hotaki dynasty. How did the Qing Dynasty expand their empire? But there are a few key features of these empires. King on a raised platform surrounded by 700 Eunuchs; only approached lying down on the ground. The Protestant Reformation was the creation of a new branch of Christainity Protestantism that included people that broke from the Roman Catholic Church. French King Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles. Explain how & why various land based empires developed & expanded from 1450-1750 Land empires included the Manchu in Central & East Asia; the Mughal in South & Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, & North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East 1c. The Spanish Empire was one of the most powerful empires in history, with territories in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia at its peak. The Meiji period saw the modernization and westernization of Japan, as the country opened up to foreign influence and underwent rapid industrialization and urbanization. 3. Why does it have these characteristics? It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. \hline & & & & & & \\ Land-Based Empires 1450-1750 CE Term 1 / 15 Europe Causes/Ways of Expansion Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 15 Monarchies gain pawer due to the end of the medieval period along with more literacy among the population, increasing development economically and centralization Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by
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