Using a General Extrusion operator to refer to the electric potential at a point on the other side of the junction. Version 4.1 From such source-destination pairs, one can infer the general mapping from superposition. As the excavation deepens, three struts are activated using a ramp function, and boolean expressions. An initial stress is added to the model as well to simulate the in-situ stresses in the x, y, and z directions. A typical microfluidic device. For the 2D model, I have computed the expression u(x,y). Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries, 2023 by COMSOL. In this example, since the x, y, and z-coordinates of the destination map are explicitly specified without any association with the coordinates of a geometric entity, it doesnt matter where we evaluate the General Extrusion coupling operator. At the outlet, we want the species to be well mixed. Finite element model of the micro electrode array has been. Where might you use it in your multiphysics modeling? Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. A pressure constraint at a single point is used to gauge fix the pressure field. indeed I do not believe I really understand what you intend to do. Next, well look at how to use a General Extrusion operator to specify implicit relations. This moving load is then transformed into the rotating coordinate system via the General . Right click again to duplicate it twice, since we want similar settings for the second and third struts. Too simple. This applies a varying species concentration over the inlet boundary. Then we add three distributions, one corresponding to each of the mapped mesh distributions. Note that the operator name is kept to its default: genext1. Instead, at every destination point, it first evaluates T_d(x_d,y_d) and carries out a mesh search operation to find the point on the source where this evaluation matches T_s(x_s,y_s). In the course of building multiphysics models, we often encounter situations in which the solution to one physics is periodic or very nearly so while the solutions to other physics of interest are nonperiodic. This computed flow field can then be used as input for the convection-diffusion equation governing the species concentration. A linear mapping built using a General Extrusion operator. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as spatially varying, with time varying coordinates for the location of the incident heat flux. How did you select the source in the general extrusion settings? Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. BLOG Using the General Extrusion Coupling Operator in COMSOL: Dynamic Probe BLOG Accessing Nonlocal Variables with Linear Extrusion Operators KNOWLEDGE BASE Understanding the Fully Coupled vs. Consider thermal expansion with axisymmetric thermal boundary conditions and material properties. To apply what we have learned thus far, lets now build a diode model using the Electric Currents physics interface in COMSOL Multiphysics. In this model, a laser moves radially inwards and outwards over a silicon wafer that is rotating on its stage. This can be useful for analysis; for example, to probe the solution at a point that is moving in time but is associated with a stationary geometry. To model such a situation, we want to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow. Settings for the General Extrusion operator defined on the stator boundary. Right click the Boundary Load 3 node to rename it Strut_1. The temperature will vary linearly with x. This problem can be solved by using a General Extrusion coupling operator to dynamically map the solution at a particular point (moving or stationary) onto a fixed source. I have a 1D model (time dependent) and a 2D model (stationary). Considering a variable defined on the xy-plane within a unit square centered at the origin, as shown above, it is possible to implement a variety of transforms simply via different destination maps, and leaving the source map unchanged. Hi, General Extrusions is owned and run by the Schuler family.Read More. To implement the normal current boundary condition on side 1, we need access to the electric potential V_2 on side 2. If excavating close to a retaining wall, youre subjecting it to additional forces it was not originally designed for, and it may require subsequent support. This time in the x direction and using the second general extrusion operator in the u0 field. Lets begin by looking at a microfluidic device, as shown below. Similarly, on side 2, we need access to the electric potential V_1 on the other side of the junction. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Therefore, we have, Now we need to find the constants a,b,c,d,e, and f. Since source points (0, 0); (1.0, 0); and (0, 1.0) correspond respectively to destination points at (0, 0); (1.5, 0); and (0, 1.5), we get. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. In the 4.0a interface i do not know where to define the variable Va ( source) and its expression (V). Note that for axisymmetric components, variables can be viewed in 3D with a Revolution 2D data set in the Results node. Extruding Data Along a Direction. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. You can learn more about the use of projection operators in this previous blog post. Therefore, only a single operator is needed to map the velocity field into all of the domains. Take a look at the figure below. Using a General Extrusion operator to copy data from the 2D axisymmetric domain to the corresponding 3D domain. I deplore the glaring oversight of COMSOL: Considering how frequently one encounters problems that include a combination of Rotationally-Symmetric and Cartesian components, that COMSOL has not seen fit to provide a specific operator for this case! For the final part of the physics set up, we are going to add five boundary loads to the model. General Extrusions is owned and run by the Schuler family. Enter in the equation shown which is the ramp function of the wall deflection, with an added term limiting the expression to occur only when the depth is below the strut. Variable: comp1.Disp. For example, if the intermediate mesh is in 2D space, there is no z-expression field. When modelling in Comsol Multiphysics, we often have to map between entities a few examples: For these purposes the General Extrusion coupling is very powerful but it can also slow down solution of your model dramatically lets look at a, slightly artificial but illustrative, example. Discussion Closed This discussion was created more than 6 months ago and has been closed. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Although it is not strictly necessary to do so, the mesh is copied from the one domain used to solve for the fluid flow to all of the other domains. The relationship between the source and destination points is therefore, If we want an explicit source-destination mapping of the form. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Additional settings are shown below. The periodic modeling domain and the fluid flow solution. Currently we are ISO 9001 certified. x_s = ax_d + by_d + e, \qquad y_s = cx_d + dy_d + f. r_s = \sqrt{x_d^2 + y_d^2}, \qquad z_s = z_d. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version When building the mapping, it is important to ask the following question: Given the coordinates of the destination point, how do we go to the source point? If the mapping is affine, it is sufficient to know how some points in the source correspond to points in the destination entity. Temperature evaluated at a point on the geometry corresponding to the focal point of the moving laser. Now suppose we would like to evaluate the temperature at one point of the rotating wafer. To map the solution from one domain into the other domains that are offset by a known displacement along the x-axis, the destination map uses the expression x-Disp for the x-expression. listed if standards is not an option). Such devices feature small channels that are filled with fluids carrying different chemical species. Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support Unknown function or operator. Image by IX-factory STK Own work, via Wikimedia Commons. From the Extrude from list, select Faces to extrude planar faces from the 3D geometry. For clarity, we did not use this trick here. When using Linear Extrusion operators, we visually indicate the mappings for enough points (bases) and COMSOL Multiphysics figures out how to transform the remaining points. COMSOL Multiphysics includes built-in features pertaining to such physical effects. This site is under development. Extrusion operators are used to identify which point in the source entity corresponds to a point in the destination entity. One option involves a sweep of the geometry, removing the geometry (excavation) one step at a time. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. The settings for this feature are illustrated below. For meshing the model, sometimes an automatic mesh is sufficient, but we want to make our own for this model to improve convergence on the soil-wall boundary. At any given time, the (x, y, z) coordinates of this point are given by: (0.5[in]*cos(t), 0.5[in]*sin(t), 2.75e-4[m]), where is the angular velocity of the rotating wafer disk. Using source and destination maps to define implicit relations between source and destination coordinates in a General Extrusion operator. The company's manufacturing operations, which include a Youngstown, Ohio plant, comprise 220,000 square feet. Add boundary 8 and change the y-axis data expression to v and use millimeters as the unit. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Both source and destination are two-dimensional, as well as the intermediate mesh (srcdim = idim = dstdim). Add a soil plasticity node and you can see that the yield criterion is DruckerPrager, but we still want to match it to the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. If the structural boundary conditions are not axisymmetric, we can save time by performing an axisymmetric thermal analysis in one component, and then mapping the temperature from the 2D axisymmetric domain to the 3D domain for structural analysis in another component. This will allow you to compare different cross-sectional data and evaluate measures such as maximum, minimum, and average over several cross sections. We want a depth ranging from 0 to -26 meters with a step size of two meters. listed if standards is not an option). Similar to the first two, for the third strut, add the third strut boundary and change stage 2 to stage 3. Right-click study 1 to compute the model. Now we will create a 1D plot and a line graph, with the wall diaphragm as the selection. Now we will use the operators in the physics nodes to implement the boundary conditions. Example 1 In our earlier blog post on Linear Extrusion operators, we considered an affine mapping that pairs up points 1, 4, and 2 in the source domain to points 1, 5, and 3 in the destination domain. If its a simple analysis may be u dont even want the two components. The components of this velocity field are now defined in all of the repeated domains via the General Extrusion operator: genext1(u) and genext1(v), respectively. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. General Extrusions is engaged in fabrication, anodizing, and powder coating, as well as aluminum finishing and machining. Several cases are illustrated in the table below. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. It is also possible to define the mapping in terms of coordinate systems. Each side of the junction becomes a source entity in one of the extrusion operators, as depicted below. The second boundary load is added for the vertical retaining wall boundaries. 50K views 6 years ago Creating Geometries in COMSOL Multiphysics: Tutorial Series COMSOL Multiphysics contains a handful of tools to quickly and easily convert 2D planar geometries into 3D. Data transfer between components is performed using the COMSOL built-in "General Extrusion" coupling operator, and the iterative study steps are controlled using "For" and "End For" nodes in COMSOL. So lets revisit the Advanced settings and switch back Mesh search method to Use Tolerance the defaults is 0.3 which we have seen to fail in this case we have to search across a 0.1m gap, and we have meshed with 0.2m mesh-elements, thus we need, tol=search_distance/element_size=0.1[m]/0.2[m]=0.5. Note that a Linear Extrusion operator cannot be used here. Thanks in advance. Hi We were the 1st North American Aluminum Extruder to achieve ISO 9002 Certification. Temperature evaluated at a point on the rotating wafer. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. This works and solution time is reduced to 118s so much more in line with the case without gaps! A prescribed displacement is also needed for the wall_soil boundary created earlier. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Today, we have discussed how to use General Extrusion operators to create mappings for copying variables from one part of a simulation domain to another. As you can see, they are in the same location but are different boundaries. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. For . General Extrusions makes no exclusions with its extrusions. Schematic of a microfluidic mixer that depicts the repeated unit cell and the inlet and outlet zones. The following types of Extrusion Coupling Operators are available: The plot below shows the temperature evaluated at the focal point of the moving laser: Mapping of data defined on a cross section (left) around an axis of symmetry and into a volume (right). Welcome to General Extrusions Inc. The velocity field is given by u and v, the fluid velocity in the x and y-directions, respectively. Left: Temperature varies linearly from left to right. In the Work plane list, select the work plane to extrude from. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. A one-to-one source map makes the search return, at most, one source point for a given destination point. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. 2 for the wall diaphragm totaling 60 elements, and one for the bottom boundary, with 3 elements. In this blog post, we will take a look at how to use the General Extrusion coupling operator to probe a solution at a point in your geometry, and illustrate how to implement a dynamic probe using an example model. Mapping of data defined on a cross section (left) around an axis of symmetry and into a volume (right). It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Example 1 In our earlier blog post on Linear Extrusion operators, we considered an affine mapping that pairs up points 1, 4, and 2 in the source domain to points 1, 5, and 3 in the destination domain. The number of destination map expressions is the same as the space dimension of the intermediate mesh. The effect of the rotation of the wafer is modeled through a transport term in the governing heat transfer equation: The transport term in this equation, \bf{u}, is used to account for the rotation of the wafer, so it is not necessary to explicitly rotate the geometry. General Extrusion coupling operator settings. Click plot to view the displacement at the different excavation depths. CNC Machining for Aluminum Extrusions. The Shockley diode equation for the current-voltage (I-V) relation is used at the junction. The Graphics Window: Effective and Beautiful Postprocessing, Generating Microsoft PowerPoint Slideshows from Your Models, Combining Adaptive Mesh Refinement with Data Filtering. The settings of the General Extrusion coupling operator are shown below: Schematic diagram of COMSOL coupling with external code RMC. In addition to simply copying known quantities, these operators can be used to create nonlocal couplings between unknown variables, as illustrated in our p-n junction example. I have an equation involving u(x,y), but instead of using a stationary solver I reformulate the equation as something like u(x,t), where the variable y plays a similar role as t, and hence solvable using the time dependent solver in 1D model. I hope I have not missed it. Thus, the second line y^iexpression is left blank. However, this approach did not work for a point moving on a surface that is between two domains, i.e. Take a look at the figure below. In the results, how is Point 2 related to the general extrusion? The extrusion operators constrain the normal displacement between the retaining wall and soil, forcing them to stay in contact. Thus, every point in the original domain is mapped along the positive x-direction by the specified displacement. In the General Extrusion settings window shown above, the labels under Destination Map and Source read x^iexpression and y^iexpression rather than xexpression and yexpression. If the nonlocal couplings you want to simulate are not included in the built-in features of COMSOL Multiphysics, you can use the strategies youve learned today to implement them. As the soil is removed, the support it supplies is removed as well, subjecting the retaining wall to soil stresses from the non-excavated side. The final project, on the other hand, tasked us with designing a retaining wall to match certain specifications a tough and lengthy assignment. For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. Hello Oluwaseyi, This sounds like a case of a variable name used twice, but you may want to reach out to the support team for help. I would try to clarify further if necessary. This variable should only exist on the . Two boundary selections have been created and renamed wall_diaphragm and wall_soil. Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. Lets now explore how to use a General Extrusion operator to copy data from a 2D axisymmetric component to a 3D component, such that the source and destination points correspond to the same point in space. Since there is no displacement in the y-direction, the y-expression is set at its default y. General Extrusion Variable. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. The top and bottom surfaces are thermally insulated, and there are no heat sources. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. Now you know how to use the General Extrusion coupling operator to probe a solution at a moving point. A similar boundary condition is used on the bottom side of the junction. In other words, the operators define the point-to-point map. listed if standards is not an option). I tried to use your method but I failed. Oftentimes, however, we may not have explicit expressions. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. The default plot shows the von Mises stress. These are the parameters we will be using later on, which represent in-situ stresses, properties of the metal struts, excavation steps, along with a couple other related parameters. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this . You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version First a mapped mesh for the retaining wall domain. I believe so, you need to define how your "y" is reduced, that is is it simply dropped or do you integrate along y ? Then the naming and differentiation between time and spatial variables is . It is really a helpful example. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. To add a General Extrusion operator, we go to Definitions > Component Couplings > General Extrusion. I defined a general extrusion operator, then defined variables such as T_sf = genext1(comp1.T), Y_sf = genext1(Y) and so. General Extrusions, Inc. continues its tradition as a leading manufacturer of aluminum extrusions where quality always comes first. Lets consider a point on the disk at a distance of 0.5 inches from the center of the disk located at (0,0). I have the other model, where i would need this variable u, but this time, it is a 2D model, non time dependent. FIGURE 1. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. Now we can build the mesh and zoom in on the soil-wall boundary, to see the improved mesh. This is exactly why COMSOL Multiphysics allows us to specify implicit relations between source and destination coordinates by using two mappings: the destination map and the source map. We have discussed how the General Extrusion component coupling can be used to set up a linear pattern of a periodic solution as part of a multiphysics analysis. The company produces standard and custom aluminum extrusions for manufacturers in the appliance, medical equipment, transportation, and automotive markets, among others. There are some models. The companys manufacturing operations, which include a Youngstown, Ohio plant, comprise 220,000 square feet. It will always be requested to be evaluated at the destination coordinates entered in the settings of the General Extrusion coupling operator. An Outlet boundary condition is applied at the other end. General Extrusions, Inc. can provide complete aluminum extrusion components including your finish requirements. I apologize of my explanation sounds vague or ambiguous. All selected faces must lie in the same plane. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Add depth as the continuation parameter, and click the range button. Considering a variable defined on the xy-plane within a unit square centered at the origin, as shown above, it is possible to implement a variety of transforms simply via different destination maps, and leaving the source map unchanged. When it comes to general nonlinear mappings, General Extrusion operators are necessary. Here is an interesting question: How can we easily probe the solution at a point that is moving in time, but associated with a stationary geometry? Alle Rechte vorbehalten. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. the setting of the extrusion is shown in the attachment (the .PNG file ). Take a look at the figure below. In our earlier blog post on Linear Extrusion operators, we considered an affine mapping that pairs up points 1, 4, and 2 in the source domain to points 1, 5, and 3 in the destination domain. This can be either an explicit definition of the source point P_s as a function of P_d or an implicit relation between P_d and P_s. The schematic below illustrates that there are two fluid inlets, both of which carry the same solvent (water) but a different solute. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. Then the naming and differentiation between time and spatial variables is basically a convention issue, the math behind does not really change A circular micro-electrode array with three phases is designed and prototyped using PolyMUMPs process for AC electro-osmotic flow pumping. Why are all the domains selected? Thank you! Now that we know how to find the corresponding coordinates of the source point, given any point (x,y) in the destination, we enter the right-hand side of the above equation (without the subscripts) in the destination map of the General Extrusion settings window. Once the model has finished computing we can add some post processing to better view the results. I didn't mean to do integration, what i meant is something like: Thanks for replying. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version I am trying to use the same for droplet evaporation. Adding a General Extrusion coupling operator.The green vector field is the transport term used to model the wafer rotation. First, did you only the repeating unit in your graphics window before using the General Extrusion and Periodic Boundary conditions node or was it the entire geometry? Mapping of data defined on a boundary (left) along the direction normal to the plane and into a volume (right). Forming an assembly creates an identity pair between the wall soil and wall diaphragm boundaries. FIGURE 1. Here, we will demonstrate how to accomplish this using the General Extrusion component couplings in COMSOL Multiphysics. the destination map, not sure what the source frame should be. General extrusion is one way to couple. In the case of General Extrusion operators, we write out the mathematical description of the mapping for an arbitrary point in the destination. Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries. But finally COMSOL basics is a PDE solver tool for a given subset of useful functions, of the type used for common physics (that fits in the global or coefficient form. Create a second plot group and surface plot, then enter in the expression solid.epe>0 to view the plastic deformation in the different soil layers. There are four sets of results showing the deformation of the soil and retaining wall, the plastic deformation, wall deflection, and the surface settlement. Box 3488 Youngstown, OH 44513. The settings for the General Extrusion operator and the definitions of the variable in the three domains. Click the player button again to view all the parameter values in succession. This consent may be withdrawn. I have defined a general extrusion coupling operator to obtain the dependent variable (in my heat transfer case, the temperature "T") at a boundary. With the General Extrusion operator defined, we can now use it throughout the model. Extrusion Model Coupling Operator takes a local concentration as an argument at the following boundary and evaluates it at the corresponding point at the leading boundary. To see how this General Extrusion operator maps variables, consider a plane stationary heat conduction problem with the left and right edges at temperatures of 300 K and 400 K, respectively. Disp is defined as one of three different scalars (0,1.5,3 mm) as per the fourth figure. listed if standards is not an option). we first need to invert the expression L=\frac{x_s}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x_s}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}) and write x_s in terms of L. Thats no fun at all! Because the source entities are different, two operators are needed. The General Extrusion operator is used to define the velocity field in all three periodic domains. Hi Rename the third strut to finish off the physics set up. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Note that while COMSOL employees may participate in the discussion forum, COMSOL software users who are on-subscription should submit their questions via the Support Center for a more comprehensive response from the Technical Support team. In this example, a 26-meter excavation is modeled by means of a parametric sweep, with a step size of 2 meters. General Extrusions, Inc. produces aluminum extrusions in compliance with RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) requirements. General Extrusions, Inc. produces aluminum extrusions in compliance with RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) requirements. The boundary condition at the top side is illustrated below. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. As in Example 1, we enter the expression on the right-hand side in the destination map. These indices are, in a sense, coordinates of an intermediate mesh, and a General Extrusion operator matches source and destination points that have the same intermediate coordinates.
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