Assessments of innovative capacity by regime type, while interesting in theory, have not held up in practice. It is in its near abroad, that Chinas influence is felt more intensely: from its expansive claims in the South and East China seas, border conflicts with India, and the more frequent use of economic coercion on regional actors; to landmark connectivity initiatives such as the Belt and Road initiative aiming to close the infrastructure finance gap and secure Chinas leadership in the region. [2] This project is a 135MW gas to power plant by Sinohydro (a brand of Power Construction Corporation of China) and Supreme Trading. Confrontation, competition, and cooperation between the U.S. and China will affect the environment for global economic growth, especially growth and poverty reduction in the developing world in the decades to come. China has worked to restructure its higher education system to develop universities capable of conducting research and competing at an international level through the 985 Project, the 211 Project, and now the Double First-Class Plan. China Center Releases New Report on U.S.- China Policy with Brookings The Biden administration has the opportunity to reassess the concerns, evidence and U.S. actions taken with respect to the remaining Confucius Institutes and Classrooms. On April 27, The Hamilton Project and the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability will convene leaders and experts to examine the future of clean energy innovation and deployment. A federal campaign against their alleged malign influence, pressure from politicians and Department of Defense funding restrictions have prompted and accelerated closure of more than half the CIs in the United States. Chinas investments in smart cities have yielded a major windfall. Are there lessons from the history of U.S.-China relations that could inform Americas approach toward China going forward? What are the interests and national security strategies of key regional players which include but go beyond the usual like-minded group: Japan, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Philippines? Other military contingencies involving China, for example those in the so-called gray zone, are worrisome too, ranging from the South China Sea to the East China Sea. Marshall Sahlins, an early and eloquent CI critic who was instrumental in closing the University of Chicago CI in 2014, observed ironically in mid-2018 that the American government now mimics the totalitarian regime of the PRC by dictating what can and cannot be taught in our own educational institutions.. An influential 2017 study of 12 CIs by the National Association of Scholars identified a range of concerns including transparency, contractual language, academic freedom and pressure to self-censor. The Indo-Pacific Quad, which includes the United States, Australia, India, and Japan is increasingly an important forum for American policy in the region. The Week of April 24, 2023 | American Institute of Physics The National Academies is holding a kickoff meetingon Friday for a study committee that will review the effectiveness of U.S. mechanisms for recruiting and retaining international and domestic scientists in comparison to ones operated by competing nations, particularly China and Russia. At least three U.S. universities with CIs have hosted the Dalai Lama, although a CI director warned another universitys provost that re-scheduling a cancelled visit by the Dalai Lama could disrupt relationships with China, leading the provost to observe that a CI does present opportunities for subtle pressure and conflict. Most CIs do limit their scope to language and traditional culture, leaving political and other topics to other university contexts. Early attempts to impose political requirements for CIs to support the One China Principle or refrain from discussing Tibet, for example, were rejected. At the same time, Beijing also will want to preserve some headroom for further escalation should future circumstances require. CLEC will continue to help provide Mandarin teachers and requested teaching materials. Successful and efficacious policy will come about only if we avoid mirror imaging and assess China within the confines of its own capabilities and limitations. How can the United States advance AI research and development to maintain and sharpen its edge in key areas, from chip design and fabrication to deep learning architectures to human-machine teaming? The Indo-Pacific is evolving in one more fundamental way: the rewiring of the lines of security and economic cooperation. What are the trend lines when it comes to Chinas relationship with regional countries, and what are the major challenges, roadblocks, or gaps in these relationships? Defined by the United Nations as a city that uses information and communication technology (ICT) to improve quality of life and efficiency of urban operations and services, smart cities are not new, nor are they uniquely Chinese. How do President Xi Jinpings personal ambitions and the centralization of power in the Chinese Communist Party affect Chinas approach to foreign policy? How can Washington ensure that democracies take the lead in privacy-preserving machine learning, explainable machine learning, and AI safety? Thanks to these efforts, Chinese universities are climbing global rankings, with Peking University and Tsinghua University among U.S. News and World Reports top 100 global universities in 2021. information clearinghouse on Chinese CI personnel in the U.S. interest among U.S. students has been declining, American views of China more generally have plunge, concerns relating to study within the PRC, decreased U.S. government higher education, difficulty finding qualified Mandarin teachers, reassess the concerns, evidence and U.S. actions taken, does not impinge on the academic freedom or institutional autonomy, continue to be pressed by bipartisan Congressional coalitions, South Korean-American pie: Unpacking the US-South Korea summit, Germanys China dilemma takes on a new urgency, Americans show signs of impatience with Ukraine war. The Brookings Doha Center, an arm of the think tank in Qatar's capital that focuses on Middle East issues, is funded largely by the Qatari government, which has pledged $21.6 million to . Multiple factors, including dimmer China-related job prospects, as well as pollution and academic and lifestyle concerns relating to study within the PRC, explain this trend. Finally, Europe wields power globally by enhancing the role of the European Union, which is powerful on international economic issues while remaining weak as a security actor (although the massive and unprovoked Russian military assault against Ukraine in February 2022 stimulated calls for much greater European efforts on defense). It should also consider authorizing the Confucius Institute U.S. Center (CIUS) to serve as a visa sponsor to assist Chinese teachers and staff of CIs obtain the proper visas, as well as enable CIUS to serve as a clearinghouse for information on such PRC personnel for relevant U.S. government agencies. The United States has sought to forge a closer partnership with another of the great powers, India. Elsewhere, CIs continued to open in Chile, South Africa, Kenya and Greece, with plans to establish them in Dominica, Maldives, Chad and Central Africa. While acknowledging that CIUS does not undertake diplomatic activities and none of its employees are government officials, the department characterized it as the de facto headquarters of the Confucius Institute network and an entity advancing Beijings global propaganda and malign influence campaign on U.S. campuses and K through 12 classrooms. Citing its opacity and state-directed nature as the driving reasons behind this designation, the State Department also directed CIUS to provide details on funding and curriculum materials it supplied to CIs and K-12 Confucius Classrooms and the names of all PRC citizens CIUS had referred or assigned to them. The private firms Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent have managed to compete globally with multinational corporations in new and emerging high-tech fields by balancing state backing with private sector innovation and resources. China now touches virtually every region in the world how is Chinas increasing involvement impacting South Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and elsewhere? What impact does great power dynamics have on U.S. efforts to manage the China challenge? Hanban contributed start-up funds to, and shared operating costs with, the U.S. partner institution, which also supplied classrooms and administrative support. In what ways do Chinas relations with India create opportunities and challenges for the United States? Meanwhile, Chinese students are required to learn English from elementary school and as a requirement to gain admission to, and in many cases graduate from, college, with an estimated 400 million Chineseincluding front-line military troopsnow learning English. In fact, the Chinese government has been pushing its tech industry to move beyond copycat methods. Beijings re-innovation strategy is key element of U.S.-China competition, effectively curbing its only potential rival. The author thanks James Haynes, former Research Assistant, and intern Jingye Huang - Foreign Policy, John L. Thornton China Center, The Brookings Institution, and Mia Shuang Li and research assistant Claire Ren Yixin of the Yale Law School Paul Tsai China Center, for valuable research assistance and insights. What is at stake in a U.S.-China war, including what are the implications if China successfully annexes Taiwan? Brookings - Quality. Independence. Impact. - Brookings Institution Lindsey W. Ford, Tarun Chhabra, and Ryan Hass, A conversation on the US approach to the Peoples Republic of China with Deputy Secretary of State Wendy R. Sherman, Global China: US-China relations through the lens of technology competition, Global China: US-China relations through the lens of great power competition, Global China: Assessing Chinas growing role in the world, Global China: Assessing Beijings growing influence in the international system, Global China: Examining Chinas approach to global governance and norms, Global China Webinar: Assessing Chinas growing regional influence and strategy, Webinar: Global China Assessing Chinas technological reach in the world, Global China: Assessing Chinas relations with the great powers, Global China: Assessing Chinas role in East Asia, Global China: Assessing Chinas growing role in the world and implications for U.S.-China strategic competition, Chinas choices and the fate of the post-post-Cold War era, Ukraine presents opportunity to test Chinas strategic outlook, Around the halls: Implications of Russias invasion of Ukraine, Pavel K. Baev, Jessica Brandt, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Jeremy Greenwood, Samantha Gross, Daniel S. Hamilton, Bruce Jones, Marvin Kalb, Patricia M. Kim, Suzanne Maloney, Amy J. Nelson, Thomas Pickering, Bruce Riedel, Natan Sachs, Constanze Stelzenmller, Caitlin Talmadge, Shibley Telhami, David G. Victor, and Andrew Yeo, Learning the right lessons from Ukraine for Taiwan, Ryan Hass, Patricia M. Kim, Emilie Kimball, Jessica Brandt, David Dollar, Cameron F. Kerry, Aaron Klein, Joshua P. Meltzer, Chris Meserole, Amy J. Nelson, Pavneet Singh, Melanie W. Sisson, and Thomas Wright, Global China: Assessing Chinas Growing Role in the World, Edited by Tarun Chhabra, Rush Doshi, Ryan Hass, and Emilie Kimball, Balancing act: Major powers and the global response to US-China great power competition, Fiona Hill, Tanvi Madan, Amanda Sloat, Mireya Sols, Constanze Stelzenmller, Bruce Jones, Emilie Kimball, Jesse I. Kornbluth, and Ted Reinert, Playing with fire: Italy, China, and Europe, Charts of the Week: Chinas rising economic and military spending, Rethinking US-China competition: Next generation perspectives, Tarun Chhabra, Rush Doshi, Ryan Hass, Mira Rapp-Hooper, Bruce Jones, and Will Moreland. Tomorrows tech policy conversations today. His connection with Huawei goes back at least to 2012, when he spoke about broadband development at a Huawei conference in Barcelona, according to Huaweis website. The alleged details of that journey, which leaked out via a federal search warrant application that was inadvertently made public last week, have cost Allen his $1-million-a-year job, upended. China, East Asia ysun@stimson.org (202) 478-3434 Yun Sun is a Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the East Asia Program and Director of the China Program at the Stimson Center. China is both Americas foremost competitor on the world stage and a potential contributor to addressing global challenges that the United States and its partners are not able to manage effectively without Chinas involvement. It will also explore whether the great powers can cooperate on common global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and nuclear non-proliferation. I think the way that Huawei has been singled out by the U.S. government has been unfair and counterproductive, West said. Analysis / Bias According to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), these programs led to the creation of the worlds first light quantum telephone network and advances in low-cost solar batteries. The U.S. government launched an initiative with Taiwan in December 2020 to expand existing Mandarin language opportunities in the U.S. and help fill a gap created by CI closings. Over 30 of the universities, as well as the College Board, that ended CI partnerships since 2017 did so under political pressure that threatened loss of federal fundingnot over concerns of Chinese interference or declining interest. At that Huawei-sponsored event, West took Huaweis side. Has Chinese aid benefited recipient countries? Nonetheless, school officials joined others interviewed in the GAO and Senate studies in suggesting CI management improvements, such as clarifying U.S. universities authority and making agreements publicly available. How are Chinas relations with other great powers creating opportunities and challenges for Beijing as it pursues its foreign policy objectives vis--vis the United States, and what will this mean for U.S. relations with the great powers? Implementation of the U.S.-China Joint Glasgow Declaration on Enhancing Climate Action in the 2020s, issued at the Glasgow Conference of the Parties in November 2021, focuses on the degree to which the United States and China will cooperate on climate issues. Despite the huge amount of capital (estimated to be upwards of $150 billion USD from 2014 through 2030) and resources that Beijing has poured into bolstering Chinas domestic semiconductor manufacturing capacity, many of the countrys leading firms are struggling to realize the governments goals. To what extent do China, the United States, or the region see the regions relationships with China and the U.S. as zero-sum both in terms of economic and security relationships? How state and local leaders can harness new infrastructure funding to build a stronger, more . Taiwan Funding of Think Tanks: Omnipresent and Rarely Disclosed This article was published more than4 years ago. Brookings Institution - Media Bias/Fact Check The initial idea came from outside China. What are Americas most fundamental interests in its relationship with China and what are desirable but secondary interests with China? But we will also examine Chinese use of diplomatic and economic instruments to shape and in some cases subvert the workings of regional organizations (e.g. Given this reorganization and CIUSs role, the State Department might revisit its foreign mission designation. The Hamilton Project An institution originally founded as an independent public policy think-tank, government watchdog, and public charity, Brookings learned how to dial into taxpayer money. Brookings Institution - The New York Times After the 2019 Senate study found nearly 70 percent of universities that received more than $250,000 from Hanban failed to properly file, the drive focused on China, even though other countries were larger donors to U.S. higher education.The DOE report on the initiatives results referenced CIs in connection with concerns that foreign money buys influence or control over teaching and research. Widespread non-compliance with the reporting requirement, more a matter of confusion, rather than secrecy, prompted a new DOE reporting portal in June 2020. From a potential responsible stakeholder to a strategic competitor, the U.S. governments assessment of China has changed dramatically in recent years. In the financial realm, the United States and China are the key players who create a low-inflation environment for the global economy. How does direct diplomacy with China impact Americas ability to create favorable external conditions for influencing Chinas choices, and vice versa? The Brookings Institution (Brookings) is a private, non-profit, independent public policy research organization. About Us - Brookings The Center is a unique institution dedicated to helping advance China's legal reforms, improving U.S.-China relations, and increasing understanding of China in the United States. How does the Sino-Russia relationship enhance each countrys power globally and vis--vis the United States? In an era of tight funding for and decline of interest in Chinese language and culture programs, and a clear need for cultivating Mandarin speakers and China expertise across multiple disciplines, the modest financial contribution and native Mandarin language professionals provided through an appropriately managed Confucius Institute network should be welcomed, not castigated. The Brookings Institution, a prominent Washington, D.C., think tank, partnered with a Shanghai policy center that the FBI has described as a front for China's intelligence and spy recruitment operations, according to public records and federal court documents. Brookings Institution - SourceWatch Yun Sun Stimson Center This working group will look at the following issues: The working group will produce a set of specific recommendations, some for China and the U.S. to pursue unilaterally and others for them to pursue collaboratively. It is modernizing its forces with a range of advanced technologies while preparing a nuclear weapons buildup that could make it a near-peer of the United States by the nuclear metric within a decade or so. A list of specific, actionable foreign policy ideas for the next president, enforce a foreign gift reporting requirement, initiated by 27 Chinese universities, companies and social organizations, effectively controlled by the Chinese government that funds it. About the Tax Policy Center. China has already made a major bid for influence in the instruments of international economic governance. U.S.-based China and Taiwan-oriented groups also offer various Chinese education, culture and teacher training courses, as well as teaching of Chinese dialects and traditional Chinese characters still used in Taiwan and Hong Kong. . Australias caution on Taiwan may not last, To Rule the Waves: How Control of the Worlds Oceans Shapes the Fate of the Superpowers, Project on International Order and Strategy. Mr. Xie held the same position in the lead-up to the 2015 Paris Agreement, and the joint announcement of the U.S. and Chinas Paris Agreement pledges at the end of 2014 was a key event to generate momentum for the Paris process and signal that the two largest emitters were taking it seriously. As developing Asia continues to make strides with an outward looking economic model, the vast majority of the worlds middle class is expected to live in this region. This has captured the imagination and heightened the concern of strategists and policy-makers in Asia and the United States, and to a lesser extent Europe. Perhaps the most important example of Chinas efforts to innovate technologicallyand in key ways surpass the United Statesis WeChat. Individuals are able to do almost anything using the app, from ordering food and paying bills to filing for divorce and applying for visas. As tensions between the U.S. and China grew, federal policymakers frequently conflated CI-related academic freedom concerns with a broader set of issues including: Chinese efforts to steal technology, intellectual property and research data; disruptive activities by some campus-based Chinese student associations and Chinas consulates; Chinese talent recruitment plans; and other suspect influence efforts. Indeed, the connections between the Chinese party-state, state-owned companies and banks, and technology firms gives China an unrivaled ability to provide what experts refer to as the complete value package, presenting non-Chinese companies with few options when it comes to competing. In addition, some universities still have difficulty finding qualified Mandarin teachers, especially at the K-12 level, to satisfy remaining demand. As Beijing has grown more powerful over the last several years, it has grown more effective in influencing the debate in America about China, often in subtle ways. What to Think about Think Tanks? : NPR Public Editor : NPR China has emerged as a truly global actor, impacting every region and every major issue area. Now, its also increasing its influence in the instruments of international security governance as wellincluding around core concepts like sovereignty, the role of alliances, of democracy, freedom of navigationand in that set of international institutions that provide the regulatory undergirding of globalization. There also is deep interdependence between the United States and China across a range of issues. Although recent estimates suggest that China is still behind the United States in terms of quality of its universities, Chinas significant progress over the last two decades should not be discounted. The federal government and Congress should work to protect our national security in a manner that does not impinge on the academic freedom or institutional autonomy they also seek to protect. Through its unique convening power and deep bench of expertise, Brookings will convene a series of focused working groups to develop tailored recommendations on New Dynamics in the U.S.-China Relationship; Strategic Competition and Great Power Rivalry; Emergence of Critical Technologies; East Asian Security; Chinas Influence in Key Regions Across the Globe; Chinas Impact on Global Governance; Economics and Development; and Climate and Energy. China aspires to global technology leadership. Brookings Metro - Brookings 2021 Annual Report The program aims to build the research and analytical skills of NGO leaders and academics who have substantial experience and ties to developing countries. But China shows what real authoritarianism looks like. A Look at the CHIPS-Related Portions of CHIPS+ - Center for Strategic The key will be developing working level relationships between officials in both countries and building trust, an attribute largely missing from todays U.S. China relationship. Similarly, flouting of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and decisions by the big players is particularly hard on small and medium-sized economies. On the research front, Beijing has attempted to improve both its basic research ecosystem and to bridge the gap between basic and applied research, spurring innovation in the process. How does China view its strategic requirements in East Asia as it expands its global influence and footprint? COVID is a classic current example. Visa issues for visiting teachers have prompted suspensions and contributed to cancellation of some CI programs. Isaac Stone Fish: Yes, the U.S. is in bad shape. In this context, it is essential to mitigate the risks of U.S.-China war over Taiwan in particular. Beyond WeChat, China is now home to many of the worlds leading fintech companies, including Ant Financial and JD Finance, among others. As the United States charts its path to retain its essential role as a preeminent Pacific power, it must first get its priorities right. Chinas MOE reorganized the CI project in June 2020, implementing a CCP-approved reform plan to develop CIs as a significant force for cultural and educational exchange with other countries. However, despite successes in fintech and smart cities, China continues to struggle to innovate in key areas, particularly advanced computer chips and the expensive machines that make them.
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