In Elizabethan England, the term "Moor" could be used to refer to a wide range of non-European persons, including black Africans, North Africans, Arabs, and even Indians. Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides. Sometimes it can end up there. Whenever characters such as Iago feel jealousy, fear, or simple hatred toward Othello, they give vent to their feelings by using racist slurs. "Shakespeare had portrayed [Othello] the very opposite to a jealous man". Please wait while we process your payment. turbaned Turk" (V.ii.362), even though in that speech, as in his speech in Act III, scene iii, Othello depends on his identity as a soldier to glorify himself in the public's memory, and to try to make his . Q2-Explore the dramatic presentation of Emilia in the play. Like Iago, other Venetians resort to racial slurs to deal with their own feelings of inferiority or powerlessness. (one code per order). Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The story of an African general in the Venetian army who is tricked into suspecting his wife of adultery. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! For much of the play, Othello resists, ignores, or seems indifferent to the racism that dogs him. evidently. When he turns the race weapon against himself, he dooms both himself and Desdemona. Tes Global Ltd is He is endeavouring to escape realitybyadopting an aesthetic rather than a moral attitudehe has ceased to think about Desdemona and is thinking about himself' - T S Elliot, 'Speak of me asone that loved not wisely but too well', 'in AleppoWhere a TurkBeat a Venetian and traduced [insulted] the state, I took by the throat the circumsised dog, and smote him, thus', '[Othello is] a near schizophrenic hero' - Ania Loomba, 'in AleppoWhere a TurkBeat a Venetian and traduced [insulted] the state, I took by the throat the circumsised dog, and smote him, thus'. Othello incurs resentment for many reasons. How does Cassio fall from Othellos grace and get fired? Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact alevelrevisionmadeeasy@gmail.com for more information. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. He is from a land that Venetians consider exotic and mysterious, he has had unique adventures, and his military accomplishments far exceed those of the men around him. Some critics suggest that Othello is damned when he commits suicide because he has sinned against God's law. It is the green-ey'd monster, which doth mock the meat it feeds on" (3.3.165-167). PASS Othello with ease. Othello has converted to Christianity and subscribes to Christian values. Iago's desire for revenge is presented as destructive, unnatural and egotistical. Continue to start your free trial. References to Othello's origins throughout the play are contradictory and ambiguous Iago calls Othello a "Barbary horse" (1.1.110); Barbary was an area in Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. 32 of 40. Othello A-Level: Critics Provide 4 critical comments on femininity Click the card to flip Loomba: "Othello is predisposed to believing his pronouncements about the inherent duplicity of women" "Venice was repeatedly pictured as a city full of whores" French: "two kinds of women, one being superhuman, totally virtuous." Subscribe now. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Created by: Amy Tomlinson. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. Iago is linked to evil through references to hell and the devil. Character List. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Tes Global Ltd is Renews May 8, 2023 This website and its content is subject to our Terms and Othello - William Shakespeare 2016-02-25 This second edition of Othello has a new, illustrated introduction by . $24.99 Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Every teacher of literature should use these translations. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Othello is a soldier for whom the 'big wars' make 'ambition virtue'. Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. Purchasing You can find notes and guides for it below. However, it is clear that Othello's love for Desdemona can be perceived as 'true love'. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and Refine any search. 0 Please see the preview for an example of this document. You must relate your discussion to relevant contextual factors and ideas From your critical reading. Othellos Final Speech in the play with a highly detailed critical analysis with links to critics / their research included. endstream endobj 105 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(\(uW{6]0tAj)/P -1340/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(i*Mf )/V 4>> endobj 106 0 obj <><><><><><>]/ON[133 0 R 134 0 R]/Order[]/RBGroups[]>>/OCGs[133 0 R 134 0 R]>>/Pages 100 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 107 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 108 0 obj <>stream The way the content is organized, A concise biography of William Shakespeare plus historical and literary context for, In-depth summary and analysis of every scene of, Explanations, analysis, and visualizations of. Roderigo, however, calls him "thick-lips" (1.1.65-6), suggesting that he may come from further south on the African continent. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Test your knowledge ofOthellowith quizzes about every section, major characters, themes, symbols, and more. Free trial is available to new customers only. Othello: A Level 2 Religion The preoccupation with good and evil underlines the play's religious context. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% hbbd```b``"H7`RD\`r:g,*`5`5`v:4f#T0a a2zp#L`$ms``!Ig`: Othello: CRITICS OPINIONS. eZba:|qR%gHimJyaO$#8>1xl`dyQaemR?bHZ0eED"MGfX5` )10R3;v Teachers and parents! Dont have an account? registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Key Facts about Othello Full Title: The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice When Written: c. 1603 Where Written: England When Published: 1622 Literary Period: The Renaissance Genre: Tragedy Setting: Venice and Cyprus Climax: The murder of Desdemona, by Othello Antagonist: Iago Extra Credit for Othello Moor or less? Go further in your study of Othellowith background information, movie adaptations, and links to the best resources around the web. Key Critical Interpretations over the Years: 19th and 20th Century Views, Feminist Contemporary readings of Desdemona, Marxist Readings, Historicist Readings, Christian Elements of the Play, Post-Colonial Readings, Context on the Source for Othello - Hecatommithi and Literary Context / Intertextuality (tragedy, patriarchy, abuse of women, independent women, the destructive nature of love, race and machiavellian villains in Renaissance drama). I truly want to help everybody do amazing in their exams, so please don't forget to email me after each purchase: u2025527@live.warwick.ac.uk. Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs I have also included a **context summary sheet**, as well as an **example essay** that was graded an A* (30/35) on the theme of identity. There have been numerous interpretations of Othello over the last 400 years. 165 0 obj <>stream In order to achieve a top grade in English Literature, it is absolutely essential to include critics and/or critical approaches in your answer to act as supporting evidence. In a similar way to the latter section of the 16-page document, this sheet looks at the variety of approaches, the critics quotes to back up the approach, the key concepts of this approach and then finally how we can apply this approach to Othello. Othello incurs resentment for many reasons. Ace your assignments with our guide to Othello! The struggle inspired intense prejudice and suspicion that lasted well after the Moors were overthrown. In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Variety of Critics for Themes: Identity/Othersider/Other, Jealousy, Race, Justice, Gender, Othello as a tragedy, Deception, Appearance versus Reality, Manipulation, Love, Identity, Language, Honour and Reputation, Power, Setting. Othello Critics. Dont have an account? She cannot retaliate even in speech; no, not even in silent feeling, Desdemona made a very specific decision to marry this man that makes her in some ways extremely strong, an active participant in the drama, rather than an insipid feeble girl., describes Desdemona as the ideal Renaissance woman, pious, modest, and obedient the picture that is constructed is an idealised one and yet, as soon as we see her, she proves herself to be assertive, sexually liberated and witty., Desdemonas spirit, clarity, and realism do not desert her entirely in the latter half of the play as many critics and performances imply., the motive-hunting of motiveless malignity, suggests that it is Iagos repressed desire for Othello that is the real reason for his actions, suggests on Othello, the stuff of which he is made begins to deteriorate and show himself unfit., Othello must not be considered as a negro, but as a high and chivalrous Moorish chief, describes Othello and Iago as implicit in the other, Not easily jealous is the most appalling bit of self-deception. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch. Only when Othello buys into the absurd idea that his race inherently makes him dangerous does he begin to creep toward the possibility of doing violence to his wife. Find a one-to-one tutor on our new, Essay: Homosocial Desire and its Conversion to Homosexual Desire, Essay: The Symbolic Significance of Desdemonas Handkerchief, Essay: Men, Women and War: An Examination of Gender Conflicts within Othello. "Shakespeare shows us an ideal, noble way of living but also the hellish opposite." Jacob de Villiers. , do we need to directly quote critics for ao5? 33 of 40. Othello: KEY CONTEXT Othello: LANGUAGE FEATURES Othello: CHARACTERS AND KEY QUOTATIONS I achieved an A star in AQA A Level English Literature - I have put together all of my Othello revision notes, which cover every assessment objective and will secure you top marks in the exam! on 50-99 accounts. Continue to start your free trial. May 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Provide 4 critical comments on femininity, Loomba: "Othello is predisposed to believing his pronouncements about the inherent duplicity of women", These are on themes and characters that haven't come up yet (apart from masculinity), Provide 4 critical comments on power and control, Provide 5 critical comments on features of tragic genre, Bradley: "his fall produces a sense of contrast, of the powerlessness of man,", Dickson: Race is "almost incidental" in Othello. Discuss the role that race plays in Shakespeares portrayal of Othello. Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. She can do nothing whatever. . By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Ira Aldridge is the only actor of African heritage to have played Othello in Europe in the 19th century, and he did so several times. A reduced summary of the 16-page document of the REALLY important critics / critical approaches. Hard copies of all resources will soon be available to purchase. 806 8067 22 Summary Q3-Explore Shakespeare's presentation of the relationship between Othello and Iago in Othello. Geoffrey Sax 2001), Film: Othello (filmed theatrical production, 1965). to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. (2.1.191-93) Setting the scene. ? Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. William Shakespeare and Othello Background. A post-colonial critique of the play considers the way in which Othello's race is portrayed, and considers the hero's 'outsider' status in a white world. Critical interpretations Early views. Sometimes it can end up there. This is a massive bundle of resources to aid your study of Shakespeare's 'Othello' for A-Level English Literature with a specific focus on critics and critical approaches. Othello is "understandably human - but he is not greatly noble". For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! How does Cassio fall from Othellos grace and get fired? English- Othello A-level Flashcard Maker: Khadro Norbu. Names and quotes from critics on 'Othello' by William Shakespeare. Brabantio calls him "sooty" (1.2.70); Othello, along with numerous other characters, refers to himself as "black." -Graham S. From the eleventh to the fifteenth century, Catholics battled to re-conquer Spain from the Islamic Arabs and Berbers, or Moors, who had successfully occupied it since the 900s. Ellie Shardlow's Shop. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% View all A breakdown analysis of F.R. Complete your free account to request a guide. Instant PDF downloads. Leavis and this view on Othello / Honour. Essay: Men, Women and War: An Examination of Gender Conflicts within Othello. Virginia Mason Vaughan discusses four recent critical approaches: feminist, new historicist, marxist and post-colonial. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. %PDF-1.6 % . It is succinct and designed to be a practical revision resource for the exam. William Shakespeare and Othello Background, Read more about the weaponization of race in Angie Thomas. Struggling with English? Discount, Discount Code Prep for a quiz or learn for fun! Renews May 8, 2023 Othello has been compared to Job, Judas and Adam; Desdemona with Christ and Iago with Satan. . Want 100 or more? He is from a land that Venetians consider exotic and mysterious, he has had unique adventures, and his military accomplishments far exceed those of the men around him. | He was an immediate success: Shakespeare soon became the most popular playwright of the day as well as a part-owner of the Globe Theater. a-level english literature , AQA A level English literature exam discussion (Paper A 23/05/19) , Edexcel A Level English Literature Paper 1: Drama 9ET0 01 - 7 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat] , Othello Scene Summaries with Quotes AQA English Literature A-level, Othello Revision - Context, Scene Summaries, Literary Criticism, Practice Paragraphs, 'Othello yokes together and reshapes [stereotypical] images ofMoros'- Ania Loomba, O: 'chop her into messes', 'sold to slavery', 'Othello is [already] predisposed to believing [Iago's] pronouncements about the inherent duplicity of women, and the necessary fragility of [his] 'unnatural' relationshp' - Ania Loomba, O: 'haply [prehaps she has been unfaithful],for I am black and have not those soft parts of conversation that chambers have', O: 'I took you for that cunning whore of Venice that married with Othello', '[At the end] He remains the same Othello; he has discovered his mistake, but there is no tragic self-discovery' - F R Leavis, 'Speaks of me asone that loved not wisely but too wellSpeak of meone not easily jealous', [Iago engages in] the motive hunting of motivelessmalignity' - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, I: 'if thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure , me a sport', '[Iago is unconsciously motivated by] his resentment of social privilege' - E A J Honigmann, 'He hath a daily beauty in his life that makes me ugly', 'Dramatic perspective canmake us the villain's accomplices' - E A J Honigmann, 'He takes her by the palm: ay, well said, with as little a web as this I will ensnare as great a fly as Cassio', 'He enjoys a godlike sense of power' - E A J Honigmann, 'despite his cleverness he has [not] understood the spiritual impulses which bindhuman beings togetherEmilia's love (of Desdemona) is Iago's undoing' - E A J Honigmann, 'I take this that you call love to be a sect or scion, '[Othello is responsible for his own downfall and Iago is] subordinate and merely ancillary' - F R Leavis, 'Were they as prime as goats, as hot as monkeys', 'Through too often played by mature actresses, there are many hints that D is meant to be very youngperhaps 15 or 16' - E A J Honigmann, 'It is possibleto see Desdemona as the strongest, the most heroic person in the play' - E A J Honigmann, 'That I did love the Moor to live with him, My downright violence and storm of fortunes may trumpet to the world', 'Through the willow song, she has assimilated herself to the literary trope of the innocent girl dying for the love of a false-hearted manInto thisbreaks Emilia's disquisition on the sexual double standard. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on William Shakespeare's Othello. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. In order to achieve a top grade in English Literature, it is absolutely essential to include critics and/or critical approaches in your answer to act as supporting evidence. SparkNotes PLUS for a group? 20% for a customized plan. The shop is full of high level resources targeting top grades in English Literature, History and French. Free trial is available to new customers only. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. This is highly easy to understand due to the easy table layout. After telling othello of stories about cassio and desdemonas love life he makes up a story about desdemona giving cassio her handkerchief. Revision can be challenging to say the least, but these resources have been designed to make it enjoyable and 'easy'. English Literature. They completely demystify Shakespeare. This is a good example of what the examiner will be looking for in the exam - do not just say the critic, but rather examine what it is that they are saying (challenge/corroborate). Get ready to ace your Othellopaper with our suggested essay topics, helpful essays about historical and literary context, a sample A+ student essay, and more. Approaches include: feminist, marxist, new-historicist, post-colonial, psychoanalytical and formalist. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The binary of love/hate is central to the play. Study Guides, Why does Othello care about Desdemonas handkerchief. 20% Thank you very much for your interest in this resource. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Go to BN.com to get your copy of these helpful resources. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. Thesis: Courtship, Love, and Marriage in Othello: Shakespeare's Mockery of Courtly Love. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Age range: 16+ Resource type: Assessment and revision. I have made it a policy in my store to give students and teachers who message me after a purchase the chance to receive revision freebies on top of their purchase (with proof of purchase). It is succinct and designed to be a practical revision resource for the exam. F.R Leavis argues Othello's love is 'composed very largely of ignorance' F.R Leavis argues Othello is guilty of 'insane and self-deceiving passion' 'Othello' Critics Word Document 12.56 Kb. 124 Cards - 8 Decks - 5 Learners Sample Decks: Summary, Critics, Othello character analysis Show Class Othello . Othello is a domestic tragedy in which true, romantic love is destroyed by hate. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! A2/A-level. May 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 thello'. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. First performed around 1604, the play is also a pioneering exploration of racial prejudice. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The play has a ridiculous and improbable plot, no poetic justice or tragic decorum. You can view our. Desdemona is linked to good through the use of references to heaven. Othello Critical Approaches summary sheet. Critics and audiences alike find comfort and nobility in Othello's final speech and the anecdote of the "malignant and . Subscribe now. "Tragedy is primarily one of jealousy", Loomba: "Venice was repeatedly pictured as a city full of whores", Provide 4 critical comments on appearance vs reality, Loomba: Othello has "a capacity for tenderness as well as a propensity to violence", Provide 5 critical comments on characters who are outsiders, Loomba: "Othello is a victim of racial beliefs precisely because he becomes an agent of misogynistic ones", Vaughan: "Like the liminal island of Cyprus, [Othello] is caught in the middle", O'Toole: "Iago's brilliance lies not in what he puts into Othello's mind, but what he draws out of it", John Bayley: "Desdemona is as much imprisoned in her assumption of love as is Othello in his", Provide 3 critical comments on Othello and Desdemona's relationship, John Bayley: "Desdemona is as much imprisoned in her assumption of love as is Othello in his" on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Something went wrong, please try again later. The story of an African general in the Venetian army who is tricked into suspecting his wife of adultery, Othello is a tragedy of sexual jealousy. . Video: The Question of Race in Othello. Please wait while we process your payment. You can view our. When Iago wants to set up the appearance of inappropriate behavior between Cassio and Desdemona, he decides that "my wife must move for Cassio to her mistress" (2.3.) Roderigo, on the defensive and trying to present himself and Iago as a unified front, casually refers to Othello as the thick-lips. This epithet is both an attempt to undermine Othellos military achievements with a cheap stereotype as well as a way to pit Roderigo and Iagos physical similarity against Othellos unfamiliar appearance. How do the other characters react to Othellos skin color or to the fact that he is a Moor? St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. boys. 104 0 obj <> endobj for a customized plan. PDF downloads of all 1725 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Among Iagos many repulsive qualities, his eagerness to hurl racial epithets is perhaps the most shocking. In an attempt to enlist Brabanzio in his anti-Othello cause, Iago refers to the general as the Moor, the devil, and a Barbary horse. These terms reduce Othello to a crude stereotype, turning him into a villain and an animal. Othello discusses his race throughout the playusually in response to something a white Venetian saysbut here he makes his first negative reference to it, suggesting that perhaps his Blackness is to blame for his lack of conversational ability. But in Act IV, he crumbles. Variety of Critics for Characters: Othello, Iago, Desdemona, Cassio, Emilia, Roderigo and Bianca. How were the rulers Chandragupta Maurya and Chandragupta I alike, and how were they different? 806 8067 22 The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Video: Racism in Othello. Explore a plot summary, list of characters, and important quotes. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. In the next lines, Othello compares himself to a toad living in a dungeon, as if he has begun to suspect that his Blackness makes him a loathsome animal, somehow less than human. Film: Othello (modern-day adaptation, dir. Othello is also accused of other soul destroying sins; murder, despair and entering into a compact with the devil (Iago). By Act 3, however, there is little in him to admire: his valour belongs to a seemingly different world and there is nothing virtuous about a husband who colludes in a plot to destroy his wife. 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