Army Group South (A), under the command of Wilhelm List, was to continue advancing south towards the Caucasus as planned with the 17th Army and First Panzer Army. According to Frieser, et al. Of his questions to Army Group Don, Paulus was told, "Wait, implement Operation 'Thunderclap' only on explicit orders!" STALJINGRAD (Nemaki Film) - Ceo Film sa prevodom - YouTube The Germans organized attacks several times a day. The condition of the troops that surrendered was pitiful. Not all of the 6th Army was trapped: 50,000 soldiers were brushed aside outside the pocket. Choppy overview of the battle with detail on a few specific figures. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility. Let's try to correct this injustice. It is well known that for 58 days the multiethnic garrison held the building in the city center, repulsing numerous attacks by the Germans. [1] [2]. Under Section . Lieutenant General Alexander Rodimtsev was in charge of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, and received one of two Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded during the battle for his actions. Manpower in the city was constantly refreshed by bringing additional troops over the Volga. The Battle of Stalingrad in 30 Photos | War History Online Poised in Eastern Ukraine, it was to spearhead the offensive. The Unknown Stalingrad: Anatomy of the Legend of Pavlov's House, Scan this QR code to download the app now. [78] Both objectives were retaken, but only temporarily. [70] Deserters and perceived malingerers were captured or executed after fighting. A retired U. S. Army colonel fluent in Russian, Glantz is the author of numerous books, including The Battle for . The initial advance of the 6th Army was so successful that Hitler intervened and ordered the 4th Panzer Army to join Army Group South (A) to the south. The loss of the two airfields, at Pitomnik on 16 January 1943 and Gumrak on the night of 21/22 January,[154] meant an end to air supplies and to the evacuation of the wounded. From that moment, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev began to command the defense of the building. [182] Stalingrad marked the first time that the Nazi government publicly acknowledged a failure in its war effort. These two buildings will play an important role in the defense of the 9th January Square. The 6th Panzer Division, arriving from France, was a vastly more powerful formation, but its members hardly received an encouraging impression. Army Group B was commanded by General Maximilian von Weichs.[38]. page division . A handful of senior officers were taken to Moscow and used for propaganda purposes, and some of them joined the National Committee for a Free Germany. [33] Hitler proclaimed that after Stalingrad's capture, its male citizens were to be killed and all women and children were to be deported because its population was "thoroughly communistic" and "especially dangerous". The strongpoints of the division in the ruins of the brewery and in the cellars of the NKVD prison were bad for an article about the heroic defenders of Stalingrad, and the Germans firmly holed up in the Railwaymens House and the L-shaped House. The main attack (led by the 14th Panzer and 305th Infantry Divisions) attacked towards the tractor factory, while another assault led by the 24th Panzer Division hit to the south of the giant plant. [37], Hitler intervened, however, ordering the Army Group to split in two. On the morning of September 25, units of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, carrying out the order of the army headquarters, " tried to improve their positions in small groups using grenades, bottles with a combustible mixture and mortars of all calibers." Overy, Richard. After the fire in the State Bank, the Germans began to cover the windows of the upper floors with bed nets - the probability of burning at night from a flying bottle of copolymers or a thermite ball was very large. Pavlov's House ( Russian: tr. These units were then sent on the offensive with Pavlov, Afanasev. At this point, the Don and Volga Rivers are only 65km (40mi) apart, and the Germans left their main supply depots west of the Don, which had important implications later in the course of the battle. One of a series of famous Stalingrad photographs of G. Zelma. On the right flank, where the positions of the 34th Guards Rifle Regiment were located, the situation was even worse. When asked by Hitler, Gring replied, after being convinced by Hans Jeschonnek,[135] that the Luftwaffe could supply the 6th Army with an "air bridge". 227 ("Not a step back!") On that eve Pavlov had returned alive from an unsuccessful search, the task of which was to get through to the surrounded 1st Battalion. [156] Hitler rejected it on a point of honour. Some bombers performed adequately the Heinkel He 111 proved to be quite capable and was much faster than the Ju 52.[138]. The strongpoint remained German. In addition, from the sector of the 34th Guards Rifle Regiment to the Volga, two deep ravines emerged - the Dolgiy and Krutoy, literally cutting off the 13th Guards Rifle Division from the 284th Rifle Division of Colonel NF. The story told by the political instructor about the capture at the end of September of a four-story building on the January 9 Square was a real find for the GlavPU RKKA. Delays in ending the siege pushed back the start date for Blau several times, and the city did not fall until early July. [5][4] After several days, reinforcements and resupply arrived for Pavlov's men, bringing the unit up to a 25-man understrength platoon and equipping the defenders with machine guns, anti-tank rifles, and mortars. [3], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Germans lost more men attacking Pavlov's house at Stalingrad, than they did during their entire push on Paris", "Unknown Stalingrad: Pavlov's House, Anatomy of a Legend", "EVROPESKIE KULTURNYE TsENNOSTI POD OKKUPATsIE", "Ushel iz zhizni posledni zashchitnik doma Pavlova v Stalingrade Kamolzhon Turgunov", Pavlov's House - Stalingrad, September-November 1942 (Poem), Map of Pavlov's House and the defenders of the house, Pavlov's House Myth and Reality: a new documentary by StalData, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pavlov%27s_House&oldid=1149360912, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 19:04. [96] Though women were not usually trained as infantry, many Soviet women fought as machine gunners, mortar operators, and scouts. Before Operation Uranus, the 1st Romanian Armoured Division consisted of 121 R-2 light tanks and 19 German-produced tanks (Panzer III and IV). [160], On 30 January 1943, the 10th anniversary of Hitler's coming to power, Goebbels read out a proclamation that included the sentence: "The heroic struggle of our soldiers on the Volga should be a warning for everybody to do the utmost for the struggle for Germany's freedom and the future of our people, and thus in a wider sense for the maintenance of our entire continent. Russia has held, Egypt for the present is safe. All enemy concentration, field kitchens and water sources became the objects of close attention for well-aimed marksmen from both sides. [143], The toll on the Transportgruppen was heavy. The term Stalingrad has become almost synonymous with large-scale urban battles with high casualties on both sides.[207][208][209]. For better internal communication, Pavlov's soldiers breached the walls in the basement and upper floors, and dug a communications trench to Soviet positions outside. For both Stalin and Hitler, Stalingrad became a matter of prestige far beyond its strategic significance. The soldiers surrounded it with minefields, set up machine-gun positions at the windows and breached the walls in the basement for better communications. Chuikov, in a clear order, forbade offensive operations by whole units - companies or battalions - which would result in heavy losses. With the restoration of the house, the Cherkassov movement began. The speech contained an oblique reference to the battle, which suggested that Germany was now in a defensive war. The next night, Junior Sergeant Ya.F. Positions were taken individually, but the Germans were never able to capture the key crossing points along the river bank. These factors, taken together, prevented the Luftwaffe from effectively employing the full potential of its transport forces, ensuring that they were unable to deliver the quantity of supplies needed to sustain the 6th Army.[140]. The right flank of Rodimtsev's division was held by fighters of the 34th Guards Rifle Regiment. On the left flank were the lines of the 39th Guards Rifle Regiment of Major S.S. Dolgov, in the center - the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of Col. IP. A little north of the NKVD buildings was mill number 4, a strong four-story structure with secure basements. The Germans made slow but steady progress through the city. The Hungarian 2nd Army was given the task of defending a 200km (120mi) section of the front north of Stalingrad between the Italian Army and Voronezh. The 4th Panzer Army, ordered south on 13 July to block the Soviet retreat "weakened by the 17th Army and the 1st Panzer Army", had turned northwards to help take the city from the south.[47]. Salsk was abandoned in turn by mid-January for a rough facility at Zverevo, near Shakhty. [45], On 25 July the Germans faced stiff resistance with a Soviet bridgehead west of Kalach. On 5 September, the Soviet 24th and 66th Armies organized a massive attack against XIV Panzer Corps. The lull did not last long. Despite daily artillery and mortar shelling, life continued on the bridgehead. [195] In a speech on 9 November 1944, Hitler himself blamed Stalingrad for Germany's impending doom.[196]. During the preparations for the attack, Marshal Zhukov personally visited the front and noticing the poor organisation, insisted on a one-week delay in the start date of the planned attack. On 20 November, a second Soviet offensive (two armies) was launched to the south of Stalingrad against points held by the Romanian 4th Army Corps. The Soviets were forced to withdraw at midday after only a few hours. On 2 February 2013 Volgograd hosted a military parade and other events to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the final victory. Sniper Anatoly Chekhov at work, with spotter Orlyankin. But as he passed, I caught a glimpse of the wretch's face with its mixture of suffering and idiot-like incomprehension. Photograph by D. Zimin and A. Skvorin. He acknowledged the heavy moral sacrifice that giving up Stalingrad would mean, but this would be made easier to bear by conserving the combat power of the Sixth Army and regaining the initiative. Without any soldiers to defend the airfield, it was abandoned under heavy fire; in a little under an hour, 108 Ju 52s and 16 Ju 86s took off for Novocherkassk leaving 72 Ju 52s and many other aircraft burning on the ground. He told Hitler that he was no longer able to command his men, who were without ammunition or food. Rodimtsev , the entire command of the 42nd Guards Rifle Division and the 3rd battalion of this regiment. By the end of August, Army Group South (B) had finally reached the Volga, north of Stalingrad. He studied 11,237 letters sent by soldiers inside of Stalingrad between 20 December 1942 and 16 January 1943 to their families in Germany. At the end of September, Rodimtsev's division was assigned the task, together with the attached to the 685th Rifle Regiment and two mortar companies, "to hold the occupied area and through the actions of small assault and blocking groups destroy the enemy in the buildings that he had captured." In the reports of the regiment on irretrievable losses it was noted: on October 1, 77 men were missing and 130 Red Army men died, for October 2 - 18 more and 83 people, respectively. These pictures are present in every book, article and publication about the epic battle, but practically no one knows what exactly is depicted in them. In October, two attempts to capture the "Railwaymen's House" ended in failure. Manstein, however, who knew that Sixth Army could not survive the winter there, instructed his headquarters to draw up a further plan in the event of Hitler's seeing sense. "L-shaped house" was a five-six-story "Stalinka", from the upper floors from which German spotters could view almost the entire bridgehead of the 13th Guards Rifle Division. Out of the nearly 91,000 German prisoners captured in Stalingrad, only about 5,000 returned. That would mean 350 Ju 52 flights a day into Pitomnik. This Army Group was created on 21 November 1942 from parts of Army Group B in order for it to hold the line between. [97] At least three women won the title Hero of the Soviet Union while driving tanks at Stalingrad.[99]. Initially, supply flights came in from the field at Tatsinskaya,[142] called 'Tazi' by the German pilots. On 4 August, the Germans launched an offensive by using the 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. From the Soviet bridgehead at Mamon, 15 divisions supported by at least 100 tanks attacked the Italian Cosseria and Ravenna Divisions, and although outnumbered 9 to 1, the Italians initially fought well, with the Germans praising the quality of the Italian defenders,[146] but on 19 December, with the Italian lines disintegrating, ARMIR headquarters ordered the battered divisions to withdraw to new lines. Concluding its four-part series on the Battle of Stalingrad, Army University Press is proud to present Stalingrad: The Grain Elevator. Manstein's plan to rescue the Sixth Army Operation Winter Storm was developed in full consultation with Fhrer headquarters. The attached the 685th Rifle Regiment advanced towards the January 9 square and school No. (60 days)[8], "One of the most famous episodes of the Stalingrad battle was the defence of 'Pavlov's house', which lasted for fifty-eight days. In the early stages of the defense, Pavlov discovered that an anti-tank riflea PTRS-41he had mounted on the roof was particularly effective when used to ambush unsuspecting German tanks; once the tanks had approached to within range of the weapon, their thin turret-roof armor was exposed to AT rifle fire from above, and they were unable to elevate their weapons enough to retaliate.[6]. A year of German gains during Case Blue had been wiped out. Every year still, hundreds of bodies of soldiers who died in the battle are recovered in the area around Stalingrad and reburied in the cemeteries at Mamayev Kurgan or Rossoshka. [198], The reverse was the case on the Soviet side. The Lighthouse of Stalingrad: The Hidden Truth at the Heart of the They are worthy of being told about. Brick survived through the whole war, and in 1945 was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. During October, while the 13th Guards Rifle Division tried to improve its position on the bridgehead, north of the Mamayev Kurgan commander-in-chief Chuikov suffered defeat after defeat. Hitler reiterated that the Sixth Army would stay at Stalingrad and that the air bridge would supply it until the encirclement was broken by a new German offensive. The battle for Stalingrad devolved into a desperate street-by . Hitler believed that Paulus would either fight to the last man or commit suicide. Occasionally Italian actions were mentioned in official German communiques. Among the defenders of the garrison, who were in the building not constantly, but only periodically, were sniper sergeant Anatoly Ivanovich Chekhov and medical instructor Maria Stepanovna Ulyanova, who took up arms during the German attacks. Soon Rodimtsev lost contact with the rest of the division - the Germans cut the cable along the shore. ". Equally with men they bore all the burdens of combat life and together with us men, they went all the way to Berlin. In this area, the position of the Wehrmacht's 295th Infantry Division came close to a steep cliff, under which only a narrow strip of the shore linked Rodimtsev's division to the rest of the 62nd Army. It fought as part of the 100th Jger Division. On 19 November, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack targeting the Romanian armies protecting the 6th Army's flanks. Yeryomenko and Commissar Nikita Khrushchev were tasked with planning the defence of Stalingrad. Of the 210,000 Germans, 10,000 remained to fight on, 105,000 surrendered, 35,000 left by air and the remaining 60,000 died. However, there is another version that Ya. The German soldiers who had hidden themselves in huts and trenches offered armed resistance after combat actions had already ended. The Germans called this unseen urban warfare Rattenkrieg ("Rat War"),[84] and bitterly joked about capturing the kitchen but still fighting for the living room and the bedroom. And we all it's true felt better. Germany's defeat shattered its reputation for invincibility and dealt a devastating blow to German morale. On the left is the 1st Battalion of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of Lieutenant F.G. Fedoseyeva surrounded in the department exchange, The diagram of the frontline of the 13th Guards Rifle Division on September 25, 1942, transferred to the aerial photo. Afanasyeva, a detachment of three Anti-tank rifles under sergeant Andrei Sobgaidly, and two crews of company mortars under the command of junior lieutenant Alexei Chernushenko. Zhukov states, "Compared with the Germans, the troops of the satellites were not so well armed, less experienced and less efficient, even in defence. And then, suddenly, at the far end of the yard I caught sight of a human figure. Much of the city was smashed to rubble, although some factories continued production while workers joined in the fighting. With the advance now slowed, Hitler changed his mind and reassigned the 4th Panzer Army back to the attack on Stalingrad. [147], The fighting forced a total revaluation of the German situation. Battle of Stalingrad Documentary Series - AUP Films - Army University Press Battle of Stalingrad - Definition, Dates & Significance - History Pictures are taken from the ruins of a four-story building, which stood to the east of the mill - there is now a panorama museum at this location. Specialists from industrial enterprises and party workers lived in Pavlovs house. [71] During the battle the 62nd Army had the most arrests and executions: 203 in all, of which 49 were executed, while 139 were sent to penal companies and battalions. As a result of shelling from the small arms from the north and the unresolved foci of resistance in the rear, it was necessary to withdraw to the initial positions. The armies in the area were also poorly equipped in terms of anti-tank weapons. The Aftermath in Stalingrad The Site of One of Hitler's Greatest Defeats Soviet soldiers on the roof of a factory shop in Stalingrad in 1942 (Photo by Arkady Shaikhet - source) Bill Downs first arrived in the Soviet Union to cover the Eastern Front on December 25, 1942. Supply and communication trenches were created leading from the rear of Pavlovs House to the river bank of the Volga, which received supply from supply vessels which were often shelled by German artillery when crossing the river. Fliegerkorps dispatched wave after wave of Stuka dive-bombers to prevent a breakthrough. Naumova to conduct reconnaissance of a four-story building on the January 9 square, standing next to the ruins of "Zabolotnys house." The example of an ordinary sergeant was really inspiring for ordinary fighters, and the whole country recognized Yakov Pavlov. The headquarters of the Rodimtsev division was very fortunate that one of the copies of the map from which the blueprint was made was available to them - staff officers of many of the units of the 62nd Army drew the schematics literally "on their knees". Hiwi often proved to be reliable Axis personnel in rear areas and were used for supporting roles, but also served in some front-line units as their numbers had increased.[126]. The Milk House | Greenville IL - Facebook Choice Reviews Online, 27(05), pp.27-2848-27-2848. [178], More Soviet tanks were destroyed as they overran the Romanian airfields. [citation needed], Bitter fighting raged for ruins, streets, factories, houses, basements, and staircases. This armed resistance continued until 15 February and in a few areas until 20 February. The article took a U-turn from the others and was an excellent example of army agitprop. These belonged mostly to the other two divisions of the 6th Army between the Italian and Romanian armies: the 62nd and 298th Infantry Divisions. Some 266 Junkers Ju 52s were destroyed; one-third of the fleet's strength on the Eastern Front. The Germans lost 900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports), 500 tanks and 6,000 artillery pieces. Lacking beds, the soldiers tried to sleep on insulation wool torn off pipes but were subjected to harassing fire every night in order to try to break their resistance. machine gun platoon commander (garrison commander). Rokossovsky's letter also stressed that Paulus' men were in an untenable situation. It so happened that the sergeant lost his last sniper duel. Only a few episodes were hidden for many years in the famous Stalingrad photos taken by the correspondent Georgy Zelma. [citation needed], On 22 January, Rokossovsky once again offered Paulus a chance to surrender. Chekhov, with a gut wound, was literally forcibly transferred to a hospital on the right bank, but a few days later the sergeant reappeared at the regiment's positions and knocked off three more Germans by himself. On the left flank stood the four- and five-story "House of Specialists" and the State Bank. The series quickly became popular, and it was read on the radio by Yuri Levitan. "We had had to pay a high cost in men and material left on the Kalach battlefield were numerous burnt-out or shot-up German tanks. Lieutenant Alexander Stroganov was recommended for the Order of Lenin, but the command of the 62nd Army lowered the award to the medal "For Courage". Yes, we felt better. "[161] Paulus notified Hitler that his men would likely collapse before the day was out. Hait and private I. T. Svirin. On the eve of that day the 295th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht received replenishment and the task to finally get to the Volga on its site. Based on Soviet records, over 11,000 German soldiers continued to resist in isolated groups within the city for the next month. The Soviet Air Force, the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), was swept aside by the Luftwaffe. Having slowly advanced over 10 days against strong Soviet resistance, the 51st Army Corps was finally in front of the three giant factories of Stalingrad: the Red October Steel Factory, the Barrikady Arms Factory and Stalingrad Tractor Factory. [78] By the following evening, the 13th Guards Rifle Division had ceased to exist. The film is the second German movie to portray the Battle of Stalingrad. In keeping with Stalin's Order No. [137][Note 5] To supplement the limited number of Junkers Ju 52 transports, the Germans pressed other aircraft into the role, such as the Heinkel He 177 bomber. The units of the 295th Infantry Division which broke through to the Volga fell into a trap on the shore, and began to retreat along the ravine back to the tramway bridge. Grading Historical Movies: Fedor Bondarchuk's "Stalingrad" (2013) Some German officers requested that Paulus defy Hitler's orders to stand fast and instead attempt to break out of the Stalingrad pocket. The defenders, as well as the civilians hiding in the basement, were eventually relieved by counter-attacking Soviet forces after holding out from 27 September to 25 November 1942. Yakov Pavlov left the Army in 1946 as a lieutenant and joined the Communist Party. The natural line of defence, the Don River, had never been properly established by the German side. The wings of the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army met near Jablotchni along the Zaritza on 2 Sept.[67] By 1 September, the Soviets could only reinforce and supply their forces in Stalingrad by perilous crossings of the Volga under constant bombardment by artillery and aircraft. The Soviets burned large amounts of grain during their retreat in order to deny the enemy food. [182] On 18 February, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels gave the famous Sportpalast speech in Berlin, encouraging the Germans to accept a total war that would claim all resources and efforts from the entire population. The battle commenced in August 1942 and finally ended in February 1943 when the last of the German forces surrendered. After Russia's defeat how were we to handle the German land and air forces liberated? On October 24, during the second attack, the Railwaymen's House was shelled by 152 mm howitzers from the right bank of the Volga. [189] He remained in the Soviet Union until 1952, then moved to Dresden in East Germany, where he spent the remainder of his days defending his actions at Stalingrad and was quoted as saying that Communism was the best hope for postwar Europe. HISTORY Staying with us at the Milkhouse is a historical discovery of a glorious history dating back to the Golden Age of the Netherlands. Russia's War (New York: 1997), 201. By 27 Sept. the Germans occupied the southern portion of the city, but the Soviets held the centre and northern part. [191] It is often identified as the turning point on the Eastern Front, in the war against Germany overall, and in the entire Second World War. Stalingrad was strategically important to both sides as a major industrial and transport hub on the Volga River. Russians consider it to be one of the greatest battles of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. Hitler told Goebbels that the plight of the 6th Army was a "heroic drama of German history". [123] The link-up of the Soviet forces, not filmed at the time, was later re-enacted for a propaganda film which was shown worldwide. Adolf Hitler was determined to hold the city at all costs and forbade the 6th Army from attempting a breakout; instead, attempts were made to supply it by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. The labyrinths of ruins, strong walls and huge cellars of the prison were well suited for city fighting, and the NKVD buildings became the core of the defense of Rodimtsevs division. Number of pages: 368. Here is a recent article I have translated from Russian which describes the true story of Pavlov's House and the struggles of the 13th Guards Rifle Division in Stalingrad in the Autumn of 1942. The first publication appeared on October 31, 1942 - an article by the junior political instructor Yu.P. Below to the right is the destroyed building of a butter-milling plant. [36]:98 The third and last serviceable runway was at the Stalingradskaya flight school, which reportedly had the last landings and takeoffs on 23 January. [30][31][32], On 23 July 1942, Hitler personally rewrote the operational objectives for the 1942 campaign, greatly expanding them to include the occupation of the city of Stalingrad.
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