The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). Cough. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. 0000000736 00000 n Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. Well closed. Refer for medical attention. WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Lindane.html, Your browser is not current. WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Rest. FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs) and head lice. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. hYio+QB L` EDl+b?5 %U`{W5=;" C*LOu3],5K1v)v..%S]*&dc?>|]^+}.{|xu}>_]_og|Sn6?8WagnsyY~9,6lY|y /7buvx|~\^sgd_ yr|t1g/7o_7:E}stm"(:KjuygEwq^|_]. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. Gyceril PABA. Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. This may result in convulsions. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. 0000002858 00000 n [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. %PDF-1.4 % Each side of the mark must be -. Chemical dangers Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. Physical State; Appearance [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. 0000006477 00000 n WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. 0000003791 00000 n 0000005726 00000 n 0000057076 00000 n [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. (see also Regulatory Status). Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after 0000001327 00000 n However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great Headache. [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. Molecular mass: 290.8 (June 8, 2007 order). It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. Formula: C6H6Cl6 [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. 104 0 obj <> endobj (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Effects of short-term exposure A review of the most serious cases described 15 deaths of which two were confirmed related to lindane misuse including a suicidal ingestion. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. Fresh air, rest. The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. Further see Ingestion. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. Transportation Lindane has adverse effects on WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. 0000047710 00000 n [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." Dizziness. [1] The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. startxref The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. 0000006190 00000 n 0000002475 00000 n Diarrhoea. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. Decomposes on heating and on burning. It is highly toxic to fish and honeybees and moderately toxic to most Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and This substance does enter the environment under normal use. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. It is of particular concern because of Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. $>. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. 0000003215 00000 n For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. DEA methoxycinnamate. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks.
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